The Death Penalty and the Extradition of Terrorists :: Essays Papers

The Death Penalty and the Extradition of TerroristsShould terrorists be extradited to face capital punishment in the country a crime was perpetrated in? This question has been frequently repeated, especially after the events of September eleventh. Everyone seems to have a different opinion as to whether or non the finale penalty is a viable punishment. There are also exhaustive discussions regarding who should judge the proceedings. I believe that if an offender commits a crime in a foreign land, and is apprehended, then they should be charged in and be subject to the laws of that country. If it is expected that we respect the customs of a particular country, why should abiding by the laws be any different?The events of September eleventh 2001 became an excellent example of the conflicted opinions that the countries from which the offenders came from had. The hijackers who commandeered the planes were from a different country with very different rules and mores. When these hi jackers decided to fly into the knowledge domain Trade Centers and The Pentagon and potentially kill thousands of people, it would be understood that had they survived, they would be tried on American soil under American laws. Logically, the co-conspirators of the attacks as well as the heads of the organizations which supported them should be subjected to the same responses. In the article titled Ashcroft soothes Europes Death Penalty Objections, Lofti Raissi and Zacarias Moussaoui discuss other countries concerns as to whether or not their citizens will face the expiry penalty. Reporters asked Ashcroft whether he was willing to give a guarantee that terrorist suspects who were extradited to the U.S. would not face capital punishment, but he concluded that it is a case-by-case decision. The article further states that European countries have abolished the death penalty and will not extradite suspects who face the death penalty in other country (Johnson 1). I believe it is ev ery countrys right to vote and draft a law deciding whether of not it should allow the death penalty, but if one decides that they are going to commit a crime in a country which allows the death penalty, they should recognize that they must face the consequences. two foreigners who are going through similar proceedings are described in the article. They are Zacarias Moussaoui and Lotfi Raissi. Zacarias is a French citizen who was arrested in the United States and was the first somebody charged for involvement in the nine-eleven attacks (Johnson 1).

E.B. Whites The Ring Of Time Essay -- White Ring Time Essays Papers

E.B. ashens The Ring Of Time In E.B. White?s The Ring of Time, the author gives a narrative account of his trip to a circus rumor where he describes a fascinating scene of a young girl practicing a horse act for an upcoming show. As a writer, he feels it is his agreement to record the events he is witnessing, and convey this to his readers without leaving anything out. However difficult this may be, the beautiful and fleeting moment is something he wishes to ultimately capture. When he arrives on the scene, White senses something magical about the surroundings of this circus as it undergoes a rehearsal, but he is primarily fixed on a young woman who passes by him. The young ?cleverly proportioned, deeply browned by the sun, dusty, eager, and almost naked girl is the one thi...

Biography of Miguel de Cervantes :: essays research papers

Miguel de Cervantes was a famous novelist in Spain in the sixteenth century during the Renaissance. Cervantes lived in Spain during the Golden Age which helped him plough a recognized writer. He was really talented, and he showed his talents through the interesting and wonderful novels he wrote. The most famous novel he wrote was called Don Quixote. Cervantes had a very exhausting and enthusiastic life, full of excitement and success. Miguel de Cervantes has great histories which lead him to write his wonderful novels and plays, and these have been very influential during the Renaissance and todays writers.Cervantes was born on September 29, 1547 in a town near Madrid called Alcala de Henares, Spain. He was the fourth son of seven children. His father was a operating surgeon and his mother died when he was young. Since his father was a medical doctor his family had to travel to many towns in Spain. During his youth and adolescence he was taught by Jesuits. Not much just about hi s education is known precisely when he was about twenty-one days old in 1568, he went to Madrid where Juan Lopez de Hoyos, a Jesuit, was his tutor. Cervantes did not attend to university, but he read broadly, this greatly influenced his writings.In about 1568 to 1570 he moved to Naples, Italy. In Naples, he joined the Spanish Army because he had a very big interest in the military. In 1571, he participated in the naval battle of Lepanto, located in the Gulf of Lepanto. The war was between the Spanish and the Turks, since the kinship between the Mediterranean countries and the Ottoman Empire was tense. During this battle Cervantes was wounded in his chest and on his left drop dead. He lost the use of his left hand and therefore, he gained the nickname of Manco de Lepanto, meaning Maimed of Lepanto. Nevertheless Cervantes remained in the military although he was wounded because he was very dedicated to it. Then he fought in northern Africa and the Mediterranean lands.When Miguel d e Cervantes and his brother Rodrigo Cervantes where sailing back to Spain in 1575, their ship was captured by pirates. Bradbury pirates made them prisoners and took them to Algiers as slaves. Cervantes had to remain a prisoner for five years even though he tried to escape a variety of occasions. He had to wait until his family and his religious order released him from prison having to earn money.

Education at a Year-Round School Essay -- essays papers

Education at a Year-Round SchoolConsider the following situation A car is driving past the local elementary school on a hot and sunny July afternoon. As the car approached the school the driver notices roughly unusual things. Students are outside with the teachers for recess, and it looks as if school is in session. The school is on a year-round schedule. The driver is intrigued and decides to do some research. From the research, this person prove that students are achieving more academically and the teachers are well rested. Year-round schooling is beneficial to school systems because it alleviates overcrowding, offers remedial opportunities, decreases teacher burnout, increases retention rates, assists English as a Second Language (ESL) and low-poverty students, and improves the entire school community. Wildavsky (1999) says, The National Association for Year-Round Education defines a year-round school as an institution with fewer than eight weeks of spend vacation (para. 7). Ac cording to another article (1997), In 1986, there were about 400 year-round schools in 16 states. By 1997, the number increased to 2400 in 41 states (National Association for Year-Round Education, para. 4). Additionally, Hunter (1998) adds, the U.S. National Association for Year-Round Schools stated that year-round schooling has grown by 500 percent in the past decade (para. 4). These schools are capable of meeting the needs of our students, teachers, and administrators. OvercrowdingSchools that follow a year-round schedule can help alleviate overcrowded schools. The number of students is growing, as studied by Hellerman, Schriffen, D., Colenso-Semple, Spiner, and Schriffen, J. (1997), at 30,000 to 40,000 per year and distric... ...Summer in class. Macleans, 111 (32), 47. Retrieved March 3, 2005 from Academic expect postmortem examination/EBSCO database.Learning that lasts year-round (1997). NEA Today, 15 (7), 19. Retrieved March 3, 2005 from Academic Search Premier/EBSCO datab ase.Rivera, E. (2003). Its August, but for some, vacations over Arlington Elementary pupils begin test of year-round school. The Washington Post, B.01. Retrieved March 3, 2005, from Proquest database. Shields, C. M., & Oberg, S. L. (2000). Year-round schooling Promises and pitfalls. Lanham, MD Scarecrow Press.Wildavsky, B. (1999). Scholars of summer. U.S. News & World Report, 127 (5), 52-55. Retrieved March 3,2005 from Academic Search Premier/EBSCO database.Year-round schools can stimulate learning. (2000).USA Today Magazine, 129 (2663), 7. Retrieved March 3, 2005 from Academic Search Premier/EBSCO database.

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Essay

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas KydThroughout The Spanish Tragedy, by Thomas Kyd, there is a constant theme of justice and vindicate. Justice is the supreme law of the land without justice, a country would fall into disrepute and those who argon readily concerned with the status of smart set would have no grounds to stand upon. Therefore, those in power venerate justice. Revenge, however, upsets the delicate balance that holds Spanish society together. Hieronimo does his best to maintain a civil attitude towards incrimination and justice, but his plans for revenge lay waste to the very law he professes to adore. A serial of carefully plotted go, coupled with thoughts of revenge, reveals the descent of Hieronimo into madness and thereby fueling his rejection of justice. As Hieronimo contemplates his actions, he begins arguing with himself and the gods over the death of his son. He brings his case forrader the heavens questioning the effective natur e of justice. This is the first instance where Hieronimo is doubtful of justice. Hieronimo states If this inhuman and barbarous attempt, If this incomparable murder thus Of mine, but now no more my son, Shall unrevealed and unrevenged pass, How should we term your dealings to be just, If you unjustly deal with those that in your justice trust? (3.2.6-11)These lines provide the foundation for Hieronimo to seek out revenge instead of allowing the courts to decide the fates of the murderers of his son. Hieronimo is clearly angry and infuriated that the murderers have yet to be discovered. This is the moment ... ...l a facility of Hieronimo, he would have realized that sidesplitting others does not achieve a resolution, but propagates even further confusion and chaos. Revenge is a maliciously deviant instrument that seeks to redefine an imbalanced societ y, but ultimately fails due to its irrational nature. Hieronimo was unable to achieve justice for his son, Horatio, so he turned to the grim specter of revenge. Without justice, the Spanish society was unable to incarnate itself and Hieronimo only further exacerbated this tension. In the end, Hieronimo was a victim of the very crime he pursued to bring to justice throughout the play murder. By retracing the steps of Hieronimo, one can see that revenge eventually swallowed Hieronimo whole leaving him bereft of any moral fiber. BibliographyKyd, Thomas. The Spanish Tragedy. Ed. Philip Edwards. London Methuen, 1959.

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Essay

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas KydThroughout The Spanish Tragedy, by Thomas Kyd, at that place is a constant theme of justice and revenge. Justice is the supreme law of the land without justice, a country would fall into disrepute and those who are readily touch with the status of society would have no grounds to stand upon. Therefore, those in power venerate justice. Revenge, however, upsets the delicate balance that holds Spanish society together. Hieronimo does his best to abide by a civil attitude towards incrimination and justice, but his plans for revenge lay waste to the very law he professes to adore. A series of carefully plan steps, coupled with thoughts of revenge, reveals the descent of Hieronimo into madness and thereby fueling his rejection of justice. As Hieronimo contemplates his actions, he begins arguing with himself and the gods over the death of his son. He brings his case before the heavens mocking the effective nature of just ice. This is the first instance where Hieronimo is doubtful of justice. Hieronimo states If this inhuman and barbarous attempt, If this incomparable murder thus Of mine, but now no more my son, Shall covert and unrevenged pass, How should we term your dealings to be just, If you unjustly deal with those that in your justice trust? (3.2.6-11)These lines provide the foundation for Hieronimo to seek out revenge instead of allowing the courts to nail down the fates of the murderers of his son. Hieronimo is clearly angry and infuriated that the murderers have yet to be discovered. This is the moment ... ...l a facility of Hieronimo, he would have realized that killing others does not execute a resolution, but propagates even further confusion and chaos. Revenge is a maliciously deviant instrument that seeks to redefine an imbalanced society, but ultima tely fails repayable to its irrational nature. Hieronimo was unable to achieve justice for his son, Horatio, so he turned to the grim specter of revenge. Without justice, the Spanish society was unable to sustain itself and Hieronimo only further exacerbated this tension. In the end, Hieronimo was a victim of the very crime he pursued to bring to justice throughout the play murder. By retracing the steps of Hieronimo, one crowd out see that revenge eventually swallowed Hieronimo whole leaving him bereft of any moral fiber. BibliographyKyd, Thomas. The Spanish Tragedy. Ed. Philip Edwards. London Methuen, 1959.

Leaving Home for College: Expectations for Selective Reconstruction of Self

In this denomination the authors goal were to analyze the perspectives of 23 upper-middle- classify high teach students as they move through the college application process and contemplate leaving home. While the students in this study viewed college as a place to develop skills and cognition to become self-supporting adults, they also viewed it as a place to find their true identity, or simply changing a few things about themselves. This article relates the turning point of attending college to marriage, having children, etc.The students in this study viewed the meaning attending college as finding who they are, starting over, becoming adults, gaining independence, beginning a new life, entranceway the next stage. All of the students were stressing more on the personal changes in identity and their opinion on themselves more than the actual move to college. Its a nous over matter issue. Along with finding their true identity, the college bound seniors in this study viewed attend ing college as a time to create the person they pauperism to be.They view their upcoming experience as a chance to edit or revise certain parts of their biographies. Also wondering if their families will break loose them, if they will no longer play the role they once did before moving away for college. The students in this study were all upper middle class students. They come from families that are well off, successful parents. Most of them knew they were going to college because thats the thought their parents engraved in their heads therefore they never questioned the idea.Other students just want to hold their social class, coming from a well off family they themselves also want to be set for their futures. The chapter book that relates to this article, states that academic achievement varies by social class. fundamentally meaning the more money your family has, the higher chance you have in attending college. That is true in most cases. Just as mentioned above, most of the students in this study wanted to carry their social class, and others were going because their parents went.Also, being raised in a low-income family doesnt predict academic failure. The choice of attending college is by and large up to the person not their background. Many students undergo different experiences in college. Their journey never goes as expected. Along with many experiences are changes. The experience of college changes a lot of students, sometime for the better, others for the worse. It depends wholly on the change the student wants to bring upon their life.

Crime Fiction Notes Essay

Study read over your essay and familiarise yourself with your wording use up discussions Figure out the arguments in your fling practise exams dont just Know the material REALLY UNDERSTAND itThe Big SleepObservation conventions that atomic number 18 constant throughout generations of offense fiction genre (passion, detachment, love, hope, justice) are a reflection on the timeless and universal human needs conventions that are subverted are a reflection of changing values and context place setting 1950s post WW2 Economic depression Desire for hope, justice, escapismTheoristsSchwartz crime fiction serves to explicate the dangers and pleasures of life. There is human feeling with which the audience faecal matter empathise Gives the illusion that they have entered the world of crimeMiller A rhetorically sound definition of genre must be centred not on the substance or form of discourse, yet on the action it is used to accomplish, manipulate audiences empathy to engage them i n the text typical of tralatitious crime fiction GENRETechniques(Remember these techniques interchangeably and moreover use the appropriate ones)Context specific1. SubvertContext Desire for hopeConvention shoot noir subgenre traditionally seek to realistically portray the inescapable low-pitched nature of society subverted Happy Ending Observation & Theorist Imperative of genre to cater for subversion to become relevant to socio- sparing or political context Chandler, the cycles and transformations of genre can be seen as a response to the changing political, genial and economic conditions2.Context socio-economic context of 1940s World War 2 America midst of an economic depression employment was low and consequently crime was on the rise yearning for justice and heroism to correct the broken nature of society Convention Characterisation of Marlowe as determined and relentless Ironic and self-depreciating talks Im just a guy whose paid to do other masss laundry embodies disposition of lone ranger Heroicconnotations, why did you have to keep going?, too some people told me to stop. Observation and Theorist Crime fiction gives the audience what it NEEDS3.Context 1950s audience can critique broken society and judge morality of characters Convention Conforms to traditional structure of c/f red herrings, witnesses, investigation, unveiling of mystery Lack of floor no point of view audience critique characters E.G. Marlowe, womanizer, heavy drinker, blatant disrespect for authority and the law, I dont know what I am going to tell them- but it get out be pretty close to the truth retain a degree of morality, reproach toward reprehensible behaviour, my, my, my, so many guns for so few brains. Reflects ambivalent noir concept that everything good is tainted with evil Observation and theorist Convoluted plotline makes the audience objective viewer Critique the broken society and the morality of characters Livingston, different genres are concerned w ith different world viewsUniversal1. ConformContext common timeless human desires transcend context and audience and hence are constant throughout generations of crime fiction Convention human fascination with romantic love interest foregrounded interaction betwixt hardboiled detective Marlowe and femme fatal Vivien Rutledge Verbal sparring soaked in double-entendres indicative of sexual tension do you always think you can handle people like trained seals? uh-huh and I usually get away with it too Theorist Colette, romance pervades oral and written story-telling as far back as can be tracedAnils GhostObservations1. Post-colonial text exposure to different culture challenges Western perspective of crime fiction genre Barthes, it is in relation to other texts within a genre rather then in relation to lived experiences that we make sense of certain events within a text. Cohen, Genres are open categories. Each member alters the genre by adding, contradicting or changing constituents , especially those members most closely related to it. 2. Challenges not only our understanding of the genre, but also our perception of the world around us Berger Never again will a single story be told as though it were only the one. 3. Crime fiction can be a means of contextual political and philosophical discussion The subjectivity of truth Nihilism and post-modernismTechniques1.Context socio-political context 1980s Sri Lanka multifaceted civil war unimaginable for a western audience but can relate to universal themes Convention brain-teaser as a medium for Anils quest for her identity Ambiguous characterisation forces reader to share in her frustration and confusion Refuses to be defined or typecast, religious allusion, The return of the prodigal, I am not a prodigal Symbolised through an aggressive campaign to chose her own style Observation and theorist international audience relate to a common quest multifaceted nature of identity Ambiguity and struggle within an ind ividual, broody of wider post modern society2.Observation, context and theorist Fister crime fiction deliberately exploits anxiety within the reader through reflecting and magnifying societies fear du jour. Terror of those sustenance within civil warConvention explored through specific victims, personalise pain agonising imagery Gunesenas crucifixion, prized the nails from the tarmac, freeing his hands fear impregnates every facet of society personification of Sri Lankan national fear through simile used to warn against the dangers of truth, truth is like a flame against a lake of flatulency3.Observation aware of the horrendous acts of violence but absent from the actual event never presume to understand the degree of suffering novel seeks to extrapolate sympathy NOT empathyConvention Subversion post-modern style, not one single perspective, intrusive narration to explore a variety of characters perspectives. (Berger Never again will a single story be told as though it were o nly the one.) Foregrounds the differences the darkest Greek tragedies were innocent compared to what was happening here compares European mythology with Eastern reality, highlights wide discrepancies between crime fiction Theorist Texts challenge audiences worldly perceptions Cole This can function as a form of social protest and reform giving crime writers the status symbol of social activists.More on VALUES

How to Address Conflicts or Dilemmas Essay

1.1Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individuals rights.In our care work we mostly work with children and young people who may not ware the ability to judge what is good for them and what is not. In those cases it is our accountability and job as individuals and as a team to provide them what we judge is best for them. In some other cases they have the skills to get involved in the decisions and this can lead to conflicts and dilemmas. Potential conflicts between the service user and the care worker in our job role can arise from disagreeing in certain(a) questions e.g. what is healthy to eat, what is not, what is more important when having a meal quality or quantity, what activities or forms of entertainment (films, songs, etc.) are age-appropriate and/or mentally and emotionally adequate and so on.1.2Describe how to manage seeks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individuals rights and the duty of care.If a con flict arises, I can never force a learner to do or not to do things unless the law or the School Policy allows me to (for example if they want to watch an age-inappropriate film, but in these cases I always have to refer to my line manager). What I can do if a conflict in these questions arises between me and the learner is to provide all the information about the risk carried by their decisions in a supportive, encouraging way, and then let them make their own choices. Every time when a conflict arises I should record what actions were interpreted to provide every source for the learner to make their own decision and what choice they made. I always should seek for advice at my line manager.

Operations Strategy and Sustainability Essay

LensCrafters operations strategy is to offer high quality fondness dread services to nodes throughout the US, Canada and Puerto Rico. LensCrafters is known for the ability to perform eye exams, prescribing sunglasses and eyeglasses, and production of the glasses on the premises for each client. To maintain economic sustainability, LensCrafters goal in 1983, was to be the only optical eye care retailer to guarantee eyeglasses in less than an hour. Now, after 30 years, LensCrafters is considered one of the leading optical retailers known for their impeccable client service, excellent products and somewhat of the biggest names such as Armani, Coach, and Prada in frames (LensCrafters, 2014). They show a high degree of commitment to performance excellence by continually providing their customers with new technologies to rectify eye care, customize prescriptions, and assist their customers in selecting the right frames.LensCrafters also offers expert care for their customers with pr oficient optometry doctors at every store. Through resource supervisement they manage their assets effectively and efficiently being able to Give the gift of sight to millions of volume all everywhere the world through their OneSight charitable organization where they companion with local communities to provide permanent access to affordable eye care and eyewear in both the developed and developing world. Included in their sustainability initiatives they piloted a self-sufficing vision center in a school located in one of the poorest neighborhoods in Cincinnati, Ohio. In doing this, LensCrafters has put vision care right where populate need it. In this school, getting an eye exam is as easy as walking down the hall instead of missing half a day of class or, for parents, missing half a day of work. Another way of maintain economicsustainability is that LensCrafters love eyes and care about the people behind them.LensCrafters customer bene explosion package intromits providing goods and services that meet the needs of individual customers. They have conveniently located branches, professional employees, the latest eye-exam equipment and eyewear accessories to meet the diametric tastes of their loyal customers. LensCrafters portray their commitment through honest care for their customers eyes and constantly are determined to improve the experiences of their customers. LensCrafters associates receive information in personalized service to ensure their customers experience is valued. LensCrafters will continue to put their customers first to maintain their competitiveness and customer loyalty. For friendly sustainability, LensCrafters have their branches conveniently located in highly populated areas like shopping malls. This ensures that they reach their target market faster.The stores designed with economically to provide the vanquish customers service from the initial exam to the final fitting of the glasses. They have on-site fully equipped laborator y with the latest machinery and encourage their employees to interact with their customers in the eye-exam cortege and fitting stations (Collier & Evans, 2013). The walls of their stores have the certificates and degrees of their optometrists and technicians demonstrating to the customers that competent staff is serving them. Communication is consistent between the customer and staff throughout their eye care purchase. trading operations Management and ChallengesThe operations management at LensCrafters has a strategy that staff follows in order to provide their customers with high quality service and products. LensCrafters requires their employees to possess the ask skills and knowledge for optimal work productivity by utilizing their clock with the customers effectively and efficiently. Laboratory technicians have the needed certifications for their line of work and all other employees bear with training before and during their period of employment. The employees at LensCraft ers offer unsurpassed services because they are well motivated with rewards and employment recognitions from the operations management team.One of the challenges of that hardihood operations management at LensCrafters is the changing of customer expectations. Many want designer frames that they have seen on other people this could be a lay off style or requireadditional time to acquire the glasses. Another challenge is changing applied science. The operations management at LensCrafters stays aware of the newest technologies and takes the time to research the equipment to determine if it would make a substantial change in their work processes and customer service. Value ChainThe value chain at LensCrafters begins with the gaining the customer through preproduction services such as the Customer Benefit Package that includes providing goods and services that meet or exceed the needs of individual customers. LensCrafters also provide their customers with impeccable customer service, excellent products and some of the biggest names such as Armani, Coach, and Prada in frames (LensCrafters, 2014). LensCrafters accepts vision plans from numerous insurance companies that major companies offer to their employees. If customers do not have insurance, LensCrafters can set up a payment plan with the customer. LensCrafters offers promotions such as buy one pair of glasses and get the bet on one-half off.Following the preproduction phase is the primary production processes. Once the customer makes the decision to come into LensCrafters, the employees provide high-quality services. Once the eye exam is completed, an associate helps the customer select the frames that they like the best. The associate accompanies the customer to the appropriate station for their frames and selects various frames in all shapes and colors. An associate will capture pictures of the customer in their selected frames apply LensCrafters own myLook camera application LensCrafters, 2014). Once thi s is completed, the associate and customer compare the photos side-by-side. Once the customer has selected the frames, the associate gives the customers prescription and frame weft to the lab to create the customized glasses. Value is created with the customer by the high quality customer service, customized prescription glasses, and convenient billet.Once the glasses are ready for the customer to pick up, the customer comes in and the associate shows them the glasses. The associate adjusts the frames to fit the contours of the customers face. Then the associate attaches LensCrafters unique FitSensor (LensCrafters, 2014) that creates clear guide points for the AccuFit Digital measurement System. The FitSensor software measures the location of the customers pupils and spacing of their eyes relative totheir frames. Using these measurements, the associate is able to determine the best placement of the customers eyeglasses with five times the precision of manual eyeglass measurements . Performance MeasurementsPerformance measurements that can be used to measure LensCrafters service-delivery system design include business location and servicescape. Location is imperative when it comes to accessing the target market. LensCrafters has branches in the most convenient places for the sake of their customers. LensCrafters needs to ensure that they are located near their customers to continually increase their sales and strengthen customer relations. Every LensCrafters has the same or similar store layout, job design, services technology figures and delivery services. LensCrafters has up-to-date technology in their equipment in laboratories, technicians, optometrists, eye examination areas and fitting station. A service process leads to an outcome which results in the customer being either happy or unhappy with the service experience. It is the role of delivery to ensure that the expected service outcome is received by the customer.The service delivery design for LensCr afters includes facility location and layout making the customer experience more efficient, and keeping in step with the newest technology, including designing their own technologies to make the experience at LensCrafters unique. The servicescape of LensCrafters is designed to provide the customer with the sense of quality and professionalism. The store layout is open and uncluttered. It store is carpeted and has professional frame display areas for men, women, and children. Modern furniture adorns the retail area and up-to-date equipment is seen in the laboratory. The store is brightly lit to attract attention to the display cases. The store display cases, eye examination area, and fitting stations are placed in the areas where the customers and service providers inter-act frequently. Types of TechnologyTechnology allows LensCrafters to stay committed to providing innovative eyewear technology. They have developed several new technologies of their own with their AccuFit Digital Mea surement System that takes measurements to fit the eyeglasses to the customers face. They also developed the LensSimulator that allows customers to view and compare a broad variety oflens choices. Another unique technological feeler of LensCrafters is the myLook camera application that allows the customer to seem themselves in several pairs of frames to see which looks best on their faces. LensCrafters provide their customers with unique and innovative technologies that give them an edge over their competition and keeps the competition anticipating the next innovative process.ReferencesCollier, D. A., & Evans, J. R. (2013). OM4. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Print. Lenscrafters (2014). Retrieved May 5, 2014 from http//www.luxottica.com/en/retail-brands/lenscrafters LensCrafters (2012). About LensCrafters. Retrieved May 5, 2014 from http//www.lenscrafters.com/eyeglasses/7/about/company-history-about-lenscrafters LensCrafters (2014). Eyeglasses. Retrieved May 7, 2014 from http//www.lenscrafters.com/lc-us/eyeglasses LensCrafters Eyes a Central Vision with PCMS Retail Solution (2010). Retrieved May 7, 2014 from http//www.pcmsdatafit.com/files/casestudy/PCMS_and_Lenscrafters_Case_Study_(US).pdf

Pragmatism, Empiricism and David Hume Essay

Pragmatism is based on the philosophy that ideas must be tested and re-tested, that experiences dictate reality. Pragmatists also believe in no absolute truths or values existing. David Hume argues that, no proof flush toilet be derived from whatever fact, of which we are so intimately conscious nor is there anything of which we can be certain, if we doubt this (Treatise 2645). Humes empiricist ideals were roots to early pragmatic thought, by way of the theory that, in our reality, nothing is certain and everything that can be comprehend must be constantly qualified to find a place in reality.Humes position on our experiences deciding our veracity follows the school of realism by staying away from any conclusive ideals. Thus, his angle on empiricism melds with pragmatism on the level of determining ones selfs existence. Similar to Descartes, he explains that even, and more often than not as per constant perception, metaphysical experience can mold ones identity. And were all my pe rceptions distant by death . . . I should be entirely annihilated, nor do I conceive what is farther requisite to make me a perfect nonentity (2645).establish so heavily in perception, he further deduces that when insensible during sleep and all perception of environment lies dormant, existence may halt (2645). Hume speculates most most on miracles and opens his essay with the stance that, A miracle is a violation of the laws of nature . . . the proof against a miracle, from the very nature of the fact, is as entire as any argument from experience can possibly be imagined (Enquiry 2647). He continues throughout his essay, supporting his claim and also breaking down Christianity, highly-based in such phenomena, proving the impossible action of the existence of miracles.This trend is something a pragmatist would argue against, firmly believing in there being nothing absolute. Yet, despite his resistance he concludes, whoever is moved by faith . . . is conscious of a continued mirac le in his own person . . . and gives him a determination to believe what is most contrary to custom and experience (2650). This statement, although a bit contradictory to his thesis, appeases to pragmatist thought, allowing for an explanation to those who are still determined to believe in miracles and the like and allows for them to own anidentity under his definition. It is at this end where his level of pragmatism veers from Charles Peirce to William James end of the spectrum. Humes doctrine, were it truly classified as pragmatism, is all-encompassing and goes beyond pure knowledge shaping the self. Hume utilizes experiences of every kind as an influence in realitys perpetual state of progress and even further takes on the pragmatist protocol by denying religion that believes in an omniscient entity.This Agnostician point-of-view is what further fuels Humes philosophy and persists in categorizing him as a pragmatist. In his efforts to liken the mind to a theater he breaks down id entity to a simplistic nature. The mind is a kind of theater, where several perceptions successively make their appearance pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations (Treatise 2645). Hume believes all concepts to be greater, complicated and more intricate combinations of simpler forms.Like individual ingredients baked into a cake, everything can be broken down into smaller, easier to understand parts. These many pieces or ideas volley together to create perception and thus, identity which is constantly evolving, finally leading to pragmatism. Hume would likely have subscribed to such a school of thought, the more real formula. It seems, though, that he had the roots within his empiricist theories and the continuing progress would have led Hume down that path.

Ashlynn Blocker

Ashlyn Blocker was born with a condition called inherent insensitivity which leaves her tanging absolutely no agony. The disease is caused by two found gene mutations which cut off the pain signals that are sent to Ashlyns brain. Her doctors name is Dr. Roland Staud who is a pain expert and professor in the University of Floridas college of medicine. There are only 20 documented cases of insensitivity to pain in our entire province which makes Ashlyns health issue one in six billion.Ashlyn lives with her family in Georgia, her parents struggle to keep her safe. Ashlyn never cried when she was a baby so her parents proficient thought that she was a happy child however when Ashlyn was diagnosed with a corneal abrasion and was smiling in her mothers lap it was evident that she doesnt heart pain like a normal child. For a long time, Ashlyns parents knew something was different about her nevertheless nothing could be diagnosed. Dr. Staud was able to run across what gene was the ca use of Ashlyns insensitivity to pain.Tara and John Blocker were ecstatic when the four year process came to an end. The SCN9A gene was mutated. This gene contained the signal that starts the production of the molecules that nonplus pain-signaling nerve cells so they can send the pain impulses to the brain. There are two extremes caused by the mutation, too often of the molecule so the patients come ups extreme pain or too little of the molecule which causes the patient to not feel pain.Ashlyn can feel a tickle or a touch but not a painful pinch or a burn. This is because the mutation decreased her sensitivity to pain and did not eliminate it entirely. Its dangerous because Ashlyn doesnt know when shes harming her body. Pain is warning signal that alarms a person to stop whatever they are doing because its hurting your body. Since Ashlyn does not have a sense of pain, she has no empathy when she sees other people crying because she cant relate with the pain that they are feeling.S cientists could use gene therapy to manipulate the genes to allow Ashlyn to feel pain but the risk is epilepsy or hypersensitivity to pain. Dr. Staud wants to do more research before performing any gene therapy on Ashlyn because it could cause her to constantly feel pain. In the article we examine in class about Ashlyn Blocker, the gene that caused her rare disease was suave unknown. Ashlyn was only 5 years old, now she is 11. Ashlyn still cannot feel pain however her parents are more at ease because they know the exact cause of the disease.Her parents now have more precise answers to why their daughter cannot experience pain. It took Ashlyns doctor four years to discover the gene that was mutated. The more new article describes the cause of Ashlyns condition which is a gene mutation. Ashlyn is now a patient of Dr. Staud who is a pain expert. Ashlyns case was brought to his attention by the USA today article and segment we read in class. Dr. Staud started a research study to take a closer look at Ashlyns condition.It also explains how Ashlyn is also suffering psychologically because of congenital insensitivity. Ashlyn cannot empathize with others since she cant identify with the physical pain that her peers are feeling. If she sees a friend crying because they hurt themselves she cant understand why her friend is so upset. The article also names various injuries that Ashlyn has suffered including breaking an ankle while riding her bike and then her parents not noticing it until days later.The recent article explains treatment called gene therapy that Ashlyn could possibly undergo one day to be able to feel pain. The risk is that she might feel too much pain and become hypersensitive to it instead of insensitive. Pain is necessary because it tells our brain when were hurting our body so we stop doing whatever it is that is causing the pain. Since Ashlyn cannot feel pain she is at a high risk of damaging her body permanently since she doesnt get the signal to stop harming her body. Ashlyn still has to deal with beingness different.I doubt her teachers still try to help her blend in like they did in the older article. Ashlyn now needs to learn how to cope with her disease on her own. Ashlyns body cannot produce the molecule that stimulates the pain-signaling nerve cells. She can feel a tickle or a touch but she cant differentiate between temperature extremes. Later in life, Ashlyn will not be able to know when she is experiencing heart troubles or trouble breathing because she wont feel any pains which are the warning signs of the life threatening conditions.

Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone

Can you remember a time when it did not cost over $5. 00 for a Value meal at any fast food chain, or when gas was under $2. 00? Its hard to remember, isnt it? The reason for the fig up in price of the products you and I procure on a weekly basis all has to do with the continuing raise of minimum net profit. Donald R. Deere says There are two ways to think well-nigh the minimum wage. The first but misleading is how much workers are going to get paid. The second and correct is how much sight must be fitting to earn if they are going to get or keep a job.So the minimum wage, which is sometimes characterized as a hand up, not a handout is neither it is a hurdle that trips up the least skilled. The continuing demand of much money for less work has forced the United States to raise the minimum wage innumerable times in the last century, Which results in higher prices for the rest of us. Another raise in the minimum wage would, as all the others before it, raise prices for con sumers, which would again result in another demand for a raise in the minimum wage. its a honied cycle that must be stopped before it loses control.Not only does a raise in minimum wage result in a raise in the cost of living, it also causes the dismissal of hardworking people who are happy with their current income. When the firing axe starts to fall, seniority often determines who goes and who stays. The more a single employee costs a business an hour, the fewer employees the business can afford to employee an hour. This results in the dismissal of employees to compensate for a raise in labor costs, which creates a smaller staff, which results in slipshod service.Although most reasonable people would rather pay more for better service, the plain fact of the affaire is that the service hasnt really gotten any better. The service is better that it was when there werent enough employees so people assume the service itself has gotten better, while the lawfulness is that the service is just as haphazard as before. The laborers are simply replaced because of a need for more employees, more often that not by people who have never worked in those positions before.By having a staff that is constantly fluctuating, the business hurts itself, the service is hurt because the new employees are in need of training, and in the end it is us, the consumers, who feel the real pain. The pain we experience is that of rising costs in the market its that sharp pain we feel every time we wrap up for our wallet, but it is in no way as painful as the fact that we give bonuses for no reason in the form of raises in the minimum wage.The argument that minimum wage should be raised says people need more money to make a living in a innovation of ever rising costs. The truth is that they, the people who demand more money, are the ones raising the cost of living. Some would say that the high cost of living is brought close to by the devaluation of the dollar and the effects of inflati on. Truth be told, inflation is also caused by the flooding of the market with bills printed to pay the high costs of laborers in the market.Laborers who are comprised primarily of teens and the elderly, both of which usually have an alternate for of income either in the for of parents or social security. I offer an alternative to the minimum wage. If people would reckon their money and understand the value of the dollar then they would have to learn skills that would promote them in the job Market. The minimum wage could be kept for the disabled and the disabled, people who for the most part arent able to advance themselves in the working world.The most positive thing about the current minimum wage is that it is substantial enough to make teens respect their money, but also low enough to force them to save. George Santayana Once said Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are bound(p) to repeat them. The argument over the minimum wage makes it abhorrentl y obvious that this statement is true. The time of action is now, before we are forced to start this cycle again.

Is Money the Sole Motivator for the Workforce Essay

Mitchell has defined motivation as the degree to which an respective(prenominal) wants and chooses to engage in qualify behaviours. Simply put, motivation is the reason why an individual wants to do something. The four characteristics that underlie Mitchells definition are motivation is typified as an individual phenomenon, as each individual is unique motivation is bewilder forth usually as intentional motivation is multifaceted and the purpose of motivation theories is to predict behaviour.The basic motivational model explains that needs and expectations will result in a driving force to achieve sought after goals, which ultimately provide fulfilment, thus leading to new needs and expectations. The CIPD Employee Attitudes to Pay 2011 report provides demonstration that since 2008 workers sense less motivated to perform well, and employees that receive bonuses gave a higher job satisfaction score than their counterparts. This evidence can be supported by Taylors rational-econo mic needs concept of motivation.Workers under his direction would renounce higher outputs to increase productivity and in return be rewarded for their hard work through financial incentives. However, his belief disregards rewards that are not money orientated which could still increase productivity, also known as intrinsic motivation. Herzbergs devised a two-factor theory to explain how to achieve motivation and job satisfaction. One set of factors are called hygiene or maintenance factors, which are concerned with job environment for example, salary, job security, work conditions, level and quality of supervision, company policy and interpersonal relations.If these are absent it can lead to an individual feeling dissatisfied. The other set of factors are called motivators or stand upth factors, which provide a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, record of the work and personal growth and advancement. An absence of these lead to a lack of satisfaction, plainly n ot dissatisfaction. Employees at Aviva have demonstrated the second set of factors through applying the concept of systems thinking improving processes on an constitution scale to improve customer experience.When an employee has achieved success it has spurred others to follow suit creating a domino effect, thus boosting employee action and increasing motivation at work. Using this model it becomes clear that money is a motivator but not the only motivator. If motivation is not present it can cause dissatisfaction, the extent of this determined by ones circumstances and other satisfactions that can be achieved at work. Receiving recognition and having opportunities available to grow and work up the ladder are just as important, if not more, influences on motivation.

Abortion and Unborn Child Essay

For many years when you hear the discourse terminateion hoi polloi would assume plenty to say. Everyone has an opinion when it comes to abortions and how they affect wo hands and men. Mitt Romney who is one of our condition presidential good dealdidates has very interesting facial expressions more or less abortion. numerous people will agree with how Mitt Romney precious to handle abortion if he won office. Romney was brought up in a Mormon ho expend postponement and in this religion abortion is a forbidden word. Abortion should be illegal and should be get down upon like murder in America. Abortion is a medical procedure that requires a licensed skipper to perform under doctor and nursing c are.This procedure is abuse to the mother and the unborn child it beed of common salt poisoning, a partial turn in, dilation and evacuation of embryo. According to (Romney2011) he made several comments in his run away well-nigh how he is a big supporter of the reversal of Roe vs W ade. The Roe vs Wade was a controversial case this was history in the making. Before 1973 abortions were illegal. Abortions are looked at as killing a life that did non amaze a choice. Romney is an advocate and big supporter of the unborn child resistance act. He opposes abortion except in rape, incest, and if the mothers life is in danger.See moreThe Story of an Hour Literary Analysis EssaySome people apply used the word genocide to describe abortion in the early 1900s which means killing off a species of any decent. Abortions should be out lawed in the U. S. and should feed strict punishment for anyone who chooses to break this law. Women are quest for affordable ways to receive an abortion procedure and run into all kinds of problems which may cause you can bleed to death. According to Guttmacher Institute about 41 million legal abortions take place area(a) each year and about 48% of those abortions are illegal. In 1988 the abortion pill was introduced to France.Both ty pes of abortions operative or medical can have physical side effects such as nausea, jut out cramps, bleeding, and about mental or emotional problems. Health problems can occur even with a license doctor there are still many things that can go wrong. There are reports of women who had a legal abortion procedure and died. Some women have had the procedure and never been able to get big(predicate) or carry a baby to full term collectable to problems caused from having an abortion. This is a big patronage for America when women are dying on the table after having an out- patient surgery performed.Abortions affect everybody not just the women who carrys the child. Men play a role in the conception merely are not asked what their opinion is on what will happen. Men should have a choice too, they have feelings but we often dont take them into consideration. The women may want to have an abortion cod to money problems or not stable enough to handle a child at the moment. The men sho uld be allowed to have some right to where if they are stable enough they will have a choice to raise the child. We have single mothers and fathers in our estate in all different races and religion.I have seen men turn their life around overdue to having children some men will say having a child saved their life. Some people swear that a unborn child has the right to have it off weather the life they choose will be a good life or not. People will say that the fetus right to live comes before the mothers right to choose. One view that made really good wizard was if the government keep giving the women an option or a way out then defunctness and poverty will be sure to come. If we make abortions illegal then America will animadvert before they act. Women and men wont be so quick to have unprotected call down which can result in a child being conceived.Women will resort to other ways to protect themselves like using condoms or birth control options to ensure they dont have a pr egnancy. The use of birth control lowers the likelihood of abortions by 85%. We can educate people better about the other options they may choose instead of abortion. Adoption is a good thinking with adoption your child can be born an given a fair chance at life to a family that may not be able to have children. Abortions should be illegal due to the lack of facts about is the fetus really a life or a mothers choice. Congress need to come together and make a law about the abortions in our country. creation a activist can be a good way to spread the message about pro-life choices. An activist sometimes carry a bad rep because in the past some activist routinely threatened clinic workers and some even stalked the families or damaged their property and pets. Many pro-lifers will use the bible as a tool to get the message across about abortions being wrong. The bible do state that to do away with a life in besides is a sin. ( We need to protect our future generations and legal abortio n is the unlimited right to the private use of lethal force against innocent human beings. ) Boyle,M 1997.The late-term abortions are just too horrible to imagine this consist of the fetus being in second or third trimester or and having a live birth then killing off fetus when it is extracted from the mother. This is murder to many people when you are stopping a life from becoming a human being. A website that will give you a good view on what abortions really are is called Nuremberg Files. This website aims to make us visualize the criminal nature of abortion it makes the pro-life activist point out how the fetus is the victims. By allowing abortions to be legal make us scruple other laws like self defense law or the right to bear arms.Some laws are put in place to help protect or regulate a law that is already put in place. Abortion is another word for murder we cant expect the world to be a better place if we allow such decisions to be made by a woman who want to terminate a fe tus just because of her own selfish reasons. Men should have the same rights to a fetus they played a part in creating. A woman should have the right to choose to be safe and protect herself from harm but we cannot give her the right to abort a unborn child that did not ask to be here children, fetus, and embryos should have the right to live.

Effective Reading Strategy for Efl Students in No.9 Middle School

Effective variation dodgingforEFL civilizechilds in no. 9 midway civiliseinBeijing CHAPTER ? INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of airfield In China, slope is a compulsory course, so in Chinese education system has an examination at the final end of separately term in Junior or Senior high inform. In the examination, it is mostly utilize as a way to ravel students English level, so English be come ins an measurable course in school education. The exam willing rivulet students listening, rendition and writing mightiness. at that placefore instructors ar paying oft assistance on students expertness on recital, listening and writing.Based on investigator judgement ab come aside of the closet training variant, investigator deprivations to do to a greater extent or less query nearly investigating what instances of cognitive edition strategies atomic name 18 apply in position school in Beijing. Aim at cognitive variant material system tec wants to the inquirying closely it. And which 1 is the most uncouthly apply during the exercise class. Through the detective tries to find nearly problems to education at the same sentence, it in like manner referred in the research. Research paper is to a greater extent foc exampled on students breeding dodging and t for each geni utilizers training military operation.For bangd thatched roofers, who ar good at summing up experience through their statement method then victimisation in the breeding answer. Through this study researcher gets to a greater extent tuition to the highest degree how to belief aiming and variation strategies. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem tec finds whatsoever problem when doing the research. In the real classroom, instructors control no enough time to constitute exercises for divergent level of students when they did interlingual rendition class. In Chinese secondary school, English instructor should fear on establish time effectively. Give enough time on eaching four basic expertnesss listening, speaking, shooting and writing and doing exercises at the same time. approximatelytimes students firet concentrate on these four skills, how to improve their world power in those four skills in the same time is the problem. As a researcher indispensableness research well-nigh teachers and related their doctrine experiences they told some skills that teacher should change some basic teaching methods in their classroom . Teacher ar not limited on traditional English teaching, further to a fault created some new methods to adapt on incompatible level of students in the classroom teaching. Effectively and improve their cleverness is important.Teachers atomic number 18 not only teaching intimacy but in any case pay attention on students attitude and taken in strategies in the classroom. The research is search nigh teaching rendering scheme in Chinese middle school. Researcher strikes a famous middle schoo l to finish the oppugnnaires. in time the defect is either of pa mathematical functionicipates atomic number 18 coming from same school. It empennage not full b new(prenominal) to information and selective information. It is a problem for the research. To achieve the goals researcher should contemplates how to need varied level students to finish the questions and consider the teachers experiences to complete e genuinely(prenominal) questions.It is a challenge for researcher. 1. 3 Aims of the study This research is aimed to find out wiz mathematical functionful cognitive practice strategy among the students utilise when they doing interpretation. It can produce students discipline power when they doing exercises or in the examination. It alike becomes a useful strategy when students do indication knowledge in the examination. Although there be many types of cognitive recital strategy in version comprehension, how to choose unrivalled strategy when students do ing yarn is become a problem and it also can encourage students save time during their English examination. . 4 Research objectives At the end of the research, researcher will list of some discipline strategies when teacher teaching scaning in the class. After analyze the information, choose unitary strategy is utilize among students utilise. The research objectives argon 1 To investigate the cognitive recitation strategies in a middle school students in Beijing 2. To investigate which type of cognitive tuition strategy is most commonly used among the students. 1. 5 Research questions The research will seek answers to the following questions What ar the cognitive schooling strategies of middle school students in Beijing? 2 Which type is the most common used by the students? 1. 6 Rationale of the study Because the research is survey about training strategies, so in the beginning of the research, researcher will list d take what ar the types of reading strategies of midd le school students in the school teaching. at that place argon plenty of strategies for the beginner reader and many can be adapted to fit the ask of more advanced readers as well. (Dorit Sasson, 2007).Then researcher chooses 45 students (15 students atomic number 18 go to in the cowcatcher study) establish on their different grades and gender to answer the question. Finally through analyze the info researcher chooses one common cognitive reading strategy is used in middle school students in Beijing. 7. Limitations of the study Research questionnaires are ground on the nary(prenominal) 9 middle school students. Limited is both of the students and teachers are in the same school and numbers is the problem. Although their students levels are different but the whole English levels are not too low.And choose the students number is less than get enough info. Both the metre and quality are not exactly. So these are the limitation about the research. CHAPTER ? LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Introduction The first part of this section deals with the definitions of reading. helply it will discuss about Issues relating to English in the secondary curriculum in China. Thirdly is reading strategies. The last part will focus on the types reading strategies. Both of the contents are of importly concerned in the real classroom in Beijing. 2. 2 Definitions of see association is a huge topic, potentially beset with myriad difficulties not easily addressed in a book of this length. Brindley (1994) in her introduction to the breeding section of Teaching English offers a right-hand starting process Reading is a complex area. We can use the term to mean the process itself, or a response to literary textbook. It is means reading is combine with other inhabitledge that used in the teaching English. Use the technical term to explain what is moment and convey the answers. Andersen et al. (1985) has shown that Reading is the process of construction meaning from written t exts.It is a complex skill requiring the coordination of a number of interrelated sources of information. His opinions is lecture about reading is a process which connected the writers writing skills and writing content. It needfully reader has own reading skills or strategies to understand the meaning of reading materials. What the content is and writer cherished conveyed the information to reader. It is a difficult thing betwixt the writer and reader. There is a book By Joan Brooks McLane, Gillian Dowley McNamee, in one chapter is exposit that Reading can be compared to the performance of a symphony orchestra orchestra.This analogy illustrates threesome summits. First, like the performance of a symphony, reading is a holistic act. It stands for when reader reading an article, they must focus on all contents and used different reading strategies, mobilize all positive factors that you gather in when they reading. Second, success in reading comes from practice over long pe riods of time, like skill in playing musical instrument. E rattlingone known that want to be successful man, they must persist in one thing that they choose.Like a player play the wonderful music, they used lots of playing skills and they need long time to practice well. Reading is the same thing like player. If they want to master the reading strategies, they should study how to read and need lots of time to practice and improve their reading comprehension. Third, as with a musical score, there may be more than one interpretation of a text. The interpretation depends on the background of the reader, the purpose for reading, and the scene of use in which the reading occurs. It needs reader give their opinions aft(prenominal)(prenominal) they reading the text.Because of there are many different amid all(prenominal)one, so after they read the text their reasonableness is also different. 2. 3 Issues relating to English in the secondary curriculum in China Course description I n describing the role of a foreign verbiage, the 1993 syllabus emphasized its instrumental value for acquiring ethnical and scientific knowledge, attaining information, and conducting communication with the world (Ministry of discipline 1993 1). In the Chinese principle of curriculum, English as an important role in the secondary school teaching.The purpose is foreign language teaching in China was to meet the needs of the Open Door Policy and to speed up the socialist modernizations (Ministry of Education 1993 1). It stands for China should study how to become a modern country among all over the world. And welcome foreigners come China to do the business or study. The new curriculum is changed. Using English for the acquisition of knowledge and recognizes the humanistic value of a language in the transformation of the let oners cognitive and personal schooling beyond its instrumental value in knowledge acquisition. English is becoming a popular course in the new principle o f curriculum. learners should learn more knowledge not limited in the grammar or the acquisition, but also for the human values benefit and personal development. English language learning, as described in the 2003 curriculum guidelines, can answer students develop intelligence, put on, attitudes, values, and character (Ministry of Education 2003 1). The Ministry of Education is more attention on students to built good educate environment and run fully development space for students.Course Objectives The 1993 syllabus stressed deuce basics basic linguistic knowledge and basic language skills. It is traditional and well-situated syllabus for students to do before 2003. However in 2003, The Ministry of Education published new syllabus objectives is to help students further clarify the purpose of learning English and develop autonomous learning and cooperative learning abilities to help students develop effective English learning strategies (Ministry of Education 2003 2).Students language use ability is based on a mastery of knowledge, skills, affect, learning strategies, and cultural awareness (Ministry of Education 20032). Students should master one language when they learning in the classroom. According to the new curriculum, An English course should help develop students critical conception ability, information gathering and analysis ability, problem solving ability, and a world vision (Ministry of Education 2003 2), which are essential for a citizen in the twenty-first century (Pasch and Norsworthy 2002). English is become a course in the classroom teaching and popular in China. It develops students ability in all aspects. All these reflect a humanistic approach, which, according to Johnson and Johnson (1998 158), respects the integrity of learners, allowing for personal growth and responsibility, taking psychological and affective factors into billhook and representing whole-person learning, going significantly beyond the use of English as a conduit of knowledge acquisition. It needs learners has own opinions and some factors will change based on their experiences and reality.Course Design The 1993 syllabus necessitate only one compulsory module. There were no specifications for the teaching aims and demands for lay 1. enjoin 2 and Grade 3 shared one set of aims and demands in general and distinctions were made only in some aspects of listening, speaking, reading and writing for the both grades. It means there is no specific teaching aim between three grades. And how to distinguish by some aspects on four teaching skills, there are listening, speaking, reading and writing.The new curriculum offers cardinal modules (one compulsory and one elective) and grades the aims and demands with a four-band system according to learners language use ability, and describes each component at different bands in detail. From the new curriculum syllabus, it has targeted for each grades of students and the aims of teaching aid. The ability -banded simulation can help solve such problems as the unbalanced development of the curriculum in different regions, the learning gaps between different stages (primary, junior secondary and senior secondary), and the waste of resources as a matter of repetition in the curricula.Based on different backgrounds and others, teacher used different methods. The ability-banded design also provides more flexibility and openness in the curriculum, making it more possible to teach students with diverse competences. Students can learn special technical skills provide the needs of social. Teaching Aims and Demands For teaching aims and demands, the 1993 syllabus emphasized the development of two basics basic linguistic knowledge and basic language skills. It isolated linguistic knowledge into decided items, for example, word class, sentence bodily structures.And confined linguistic skills to classroom application, for example, students can understand classroom English and the rendering o f new language points with language learned, do question and answer on the text, and retell the story viva voce or in writing (Ministry of Education 1993 2-3). The new 2003 curriculum gives meaning to both knowledge and skills and integrates the two by engaging students in active use of the language with what they have learned as knowledge and developed as skills and by describing the language ability as what they can do with the English language.For example, students know language forms and their functions in real communication, under- stand and master the ways to describe people and objects, to describe the development of events. For students all round development, the new curriculum stresses the development of their affect, learning strategy and cultural awareness along with their linguistic knowledge and linguistic skills, and defines specific teaching aims and demands for these components at different bands. Implementation Guidelines The implementation guidelines help to reach the goals set for a curriculum.The guidelines in the new curriculum, as compared with those in the 1993 syllabus, are more concrete, therefrom playing a stronger guiding role. Ministry of Education (2003 23-25) The guidelines for teaching include focusing on all learners and fortune them lay a solid openation for lifelong development attending students affect and creating a pleasant, popular and harmonious learning atmosphere reinforcing the guidance for students learning strategies and helping them develop autonomous learning ability.These guidelines represent the learnercenteredness philosophy in curriculum development (Nunan 1988 2003). For teachers better understanding of the teaching methods, put teaching plans are provided. Ministry of Education (2003 40- 42) For sagaciousness, the stress is put on the explanation of the underlying rationale. It emphasizes that both pliant assessment and summative assessment be used and attention be paid to the motivating and facilitatin g roles of assessment in students learning. 2. 4 Reading StrategiesThe best definition of a reading strategy is the maneuver or actions teachers implement in order to approach and play sense of a reading text. Reading is important and necessary for human especially at the present day which technology is growing rapidly. D. C Mitchell (19821) wrote that reading is the way to express meaning from writer to reader. It is the way to exchange ideas of writer according to his/her styles. The ability to grasp these ideas is depending on readers experience, language knowledge and attitude as a primeval basis. Reading is a Rebecca L. Oxford (19911-163) classified reading strategies into four categories 1. recollection Strategies 2. Cognitive Strategies 3. Compensation Strategies 4. Social Strategies 1. Memory Strategies are personal strategies that depend on skills and ability of each person by using something close-by as a tool for understanding, learning and memorizing that passage. Thi s is the definition of memory strategies. It means users use memory to remember the reading contents. 2. Cognitive Strategies are essential in learning a new language.Cognitive strategies are typically found to be the most popular strategies with language learners. Based on the readers comprehension, they use their cognitive to understanding the reading materials. 3. Compensation Strategies enable learners to use the new language for either comprehension or production despite limitations in knowledge. Compensation strategies are intended to profit up for an inadequate repertory of grammar and, especially, of vocabulary. 4. Social Strategies is a term of social behavior it is communication, and communication occurs between and among people.Learning a language consequently involves other people, and appropriate social strategies are very important in this process. 2. 5 Teaching Reading Strategies Teaching reading strategies will increase students on reading skills in the core keep down areas this will also improve the students level of achievement. When Students are lack of knowledge will affect their ability to learn, read or write in all subject areas. Furthermore, helping students learned to read and write in the core subjects-areas will increase a students ability to read in all core subjects.A students reading comprehension skills will improve at the same time. Thats why teaching reading strategies is important in the classroom teaching. The teacher can use reading strategies that connect the students by-line in core subject areas, this can help a student maintain their focus, improve their ability to understand and then apply what they read to the real world. . Reading is a blend of word intuition and comprehension. This involves the response of printed motivation but the growth of sense or knowledge, is the real meaning of reading.The reading process is a mix of finding words and comprehension that involves recognition of printed incentive however, t he development of meaning or understanding is the core of reading about meaning. The reader should think and talk about what they are reading and the meaning of the passages, and connect them to what manipulates sense. Teachers and parents should assist the student by having them begin underlining the most important words in the reading material. The process of pre-reading teaching strategies will help improve reading comprehension.Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their reading behavior to deal with a variety of situations, types of gossip, and reading purposes. They help students develop a set of reading strategies and match appropriate strategies to each reading situation. Strategies that can help students read more quickly and effectively include five different types. There are Previewing, Predicting, sliver and Scanning, snap from context and Para express. Next researcher will list down some characteristics about each reading strategies.First type is previewing reviewing titles, section headings, and photo captions to get a sense of the structure and content of a reading selection. Second type is predicting using knowledge of the subject matter to make predictions about content and vocabulary and add together comprehension using knowledge of the text type and purpose to make predictions about discourse structure using knowledge about the author to make predictions about writing style, vocabulary, and content. Third type is sliver and scanning using a quick survey of the text to get the main idea, identify text structure, confirm or question predictions. quaternionth type is guessing from context using prior knowledge of the subject and the ideas in the text as clues to the meanings of unknown words, instead of stopping to look them up. The last type is phrasing stopping at the end of a section to check comprehension by restating the information and ideas in the text. 2. 6 Conclusion This chapter is related some review about the definition in reading, compare between old syllabus and new syllabus in China Education system, reading strategies and how to teach reading strategies in the classroom.These four parts provide more information about reading comprehension and it is very useful for teachers training. CHAPTER ? METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Introduction This chapter provides detailed information regarding the process of collecting the data for this research. The aspects of the research method that are being pore are the subjects, instruments, questionnaires, method of data analysis and also research procedures. 3. 2 Research Design This research is a procedure for collecting and analyzing quantitative data access the research problem.The questionnaire is for Chinese students. It is a survey in No. 9 middle school in Beijing. This design has chosen because it really suits with how the study is carried out. 3. 3 Research Population For the pilot study and the questionnaire part, the creation is all Chines e students and teachers are come from No. 9 middle school. The pilot study researcher chooses 15 students because there are totally three grades and each grade has three students to answer the pilot study. All together the questionnaires give the 30 students to answer it.Another part is the teachers part, there are three teachers attended in the pilot study and another six teachers are answering the teachers questionnaire. 3. 4 Research Sample The samples that had been taken into consideration consist of 30 different grades students of No. 9 middle school in Beijing. The samples are from same school and the school is well-known in Beijing. The samples are also from different level, their learning background also different. In the samples, it also included 6 teachers are teaching three grades of No. 9 middle school in Beijing.Their teaching experiences are different, because two of them are new teachers. Their teaching experiences are not enough. It can contrasts in different teacher s and get the different data during the research. 3. 5 Research Instrument To meet the purpose of this study, the researcher looks at the types of reading strategies and which type is more common among students used and teacher teaching in the classroom. To conduct the process of this study the researcher uses questionnaires for the students and teachers. This questionnaire forms are distributed to the students.This is to gather information of the students background and their learning and the teachers teaching experiences and methods about reading strategies. The students are given answers and elicit responses regarding the research question. Teachers answer the research question based on their teaching experiences. 3. 6 Pilot Study It is to check the reliability and validity of results. In the research paper, in order to make sure the questions and data are s dining parry and consistent in the questionnaires. The researcher distributed the questionnaire form to 15 other Chinese s tudents from No. middle school in order to get feedback about the questions, and then rescript the survey 16 based on the written comments. The researchers will analyze their answer and data which is focused on the types of reading strategies. After they answer the questions, the researchers will discuss with the sample and analyze the questions. Will make sure each item is clear. The questions are aligned to the researcher to get the research purpose. As a result of the analysis, there are 15 items which are of the questionnaire. From my statistics the =0. 79 3. 7 data Collection function About the questionnaire, researcher followed the procedure of searching information, constructing the questionnaire, inviting the instrumentalists, E-mailing the questionnaire, waiting for response, asking back the completed questionnaire. 3. 8 Data Analysis Procedure The researcher canvas questionnaire data by using descriptive statistics. The procedure includes input data, summed score meth od to analyze data, report by using tables and summary of the major results. CHAPTER ? FINDINGS 4. 1 IntroductionThe main aim of this chapter is to investigate the types of cognitive reading strategies and cognitive reading strategies in the classroom among the middle school students in Beijing. In order to achieve these, data are obtained from a questionnaire that provides answers for the following research question 1. What are the cognitive reading strategies of middle school students in Beijing? 2 Which type is more common among the students used in the classroom? 4. 2 Questionnaires Two set of questionnaires are distributed to two different groups of subject the students and the teachers.The first set of questionnaire is distributed to the three grades students who are in No. 9 middle school. The questionnaire is distributed to gather information about students reading strategies and through their reading process, which type is used more widely among students in the classroom. T he second set of questionnaire is distributed to six English teachers from the same school to find out about teachers teaching reading strategies in the classroom. The information and data gather from the questionnaires are calculated using the fortune method. . dress circle 1 Student s questionnaire There are three sections in the students questionnaire. First section is background information. Table 4. 1 shows the students background information. TABLE 4. 1 Students background information 1. Gender Gender Male Female parcel Students 15 15 50% 2. Grade Grade 1 2 3 character Students 10 10 10 33. 3% The data collected shows the total students are 30. Male and Female function are competent in the table. And there are three grades in the No. 9 middle school, the percentage of each grade also the same reached at 33. 3%. The data is suitable to analysis. TABLE 4. 2 Types of Reading Strategies TABLE 4. . 1Skimming and Scanning Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B1 I brief ly skim the 1 5 5 7 12 text before reading (3. 3%) (16. 7%) (16. 7%) (23. 3%) (40%) B2 I skim/ scan to get 3 2 6 10 9 the main idea (10%) (6. 7%) (20%) (33. 3%) (30%) From the table, 60% students like skimming reading strategies before reading the text. besides 4 students or 13. % never use this strategies when they reading the text. Therefore they like skimming reading strategies very much, and some would rather remain neutral attitude on this strategy. Students can get main idea through they skim/scan the reading materials. The percentage is very high in these reading strategies. illustration 4. 2. 2 Previewing pic The measuring rod chart shows the percentage of the students who use previewing reading strategies in the classroom. The middle of blue and colour bars means that the majority of people keep in neutral about these two questions, constituent B question 3 and 4.It reflects that 9 students or 30% and 12 students or 40% not endlessly use it in the classroom reading. O nly 3 students or 10% strongly reconcile use previewing strategies during their reading. And 2 students or 6. 7% never use it. The data is average in this bar chart. TABLE 4. 2. 3 Predicting Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B5 I unremarkably make 4 11 11 2 2 predictions as to what (13. 3%) (36. 7%) (36. 7%) (6. 7%) (6. 7%) will follow text. The table of 4. 2. is about students use predicting reading strategy in the classroom. reckon of each plectron is average. Four students or 13. 3%, they never use it during the classroom reading. Most of students are idea it is normally not true of me or Somewhat true of me, percentage of it reach 36. 7%. Contrast it the students who choose Usually true of me or Always true of me has 4 students only. They prefer use it during their reading. TABLE 4. 2. 4 jibe from context Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B6 While I am reading,I reconsider and revisal 5 8 9 5 3 my prior questions (16. 7%) (26. 7%) (30%) (16. 7%) (10%) about the text based on the texts content. B7 While I am reading, I consider and revise my background 6 7 11 4 2 knowledge about the (20%) (23. 3%) (36. 7%) (13. 3%) (6. 7%) subject based on the texts content. Question 6 and 7 are related with the fourth type of reading strategy Guessing from context. The students are also guardianship the neutral attitude about this strategy. For question 6, there are 13 students or 43. % they wear thint like use it. It takes up most of time doing reading comprehension. Only have 8 students or 26. 7% they always use it in the classroom reading. However the question 7 has some related with question 6. Already close to half of student they choose never or usually not true of me this option. Another 11 students or 36. 7% choose Somewhat true of me. terminal 6 students they like use it very much in the classroom reading. Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B8 While I am reading,I try to determine the 1 11 11 7 meaning of unknown (3. 3%) (36. 7%) ( 36. 7%) (23. 3%) words that seem critical to the meaning of the text. B9 As I am reading, I evaluate the text to determine whether it 3 8 12 6 1 contributes to my (10%) (26. 7%) (40%) (20%) (3. 3%) knowledge/ understanding of the subject. Two questions are also about Guessing from text. From the data analyses about this two questions, students who choose the same options with Question 6 and 7.There are 12 students or 40% who never use this strategy. 11 students sometimes use it, but there are only 7 students often use it. No one always use this strategy during their reading. Some data are the same with question 9. There are 11 students or 36. 7% who never use guessing from text strategy in the classroom. 40% students use it seldom. And only 7 students or 23. 3%, the number of students who choose this options is same with question 8. TABLE 4. 2. 5 Paraphrasing Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B10 I summarize/ araphrase the material that I am 3 8 7 3 9 reading in order to (10 %) (26. 7%) (23. 3%) (10%) (30%) remember the text. B11 After I have read 2 8 13 4 3 a text, I review it. (6. 7%) (26. 7%) (43. 3%) (13. 3%) (10%) B12 After I have read 5 11 7 6 1 a text, I evaluate what (16. 7%) (36. 7%) (23. 3%) (20%) (3. 3%) I have read. B13 After I have a read 1 5 12 10 2 a text I summarise it. (3. 3%) (16. %) (40%) (33. 3%) (6. 7%) The last type of reading strategy is Paraphrasing. These four questions are related to the paraphrasing. From the data analyse we can see that most of the students are keep neutral about this strategy. They are neither use it often nor they always use it and liquid maintains their neutral options through their chosen. Item NT UNT ST UT AT (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) B14 I search out information germane(predicate) 1 10 5 10 4 to my reading goals. 3. 3%) (33. 3%) (16. 7%) (33. 3%) (13. 3%) B15 I evaluate whether what I am reading is 4 8 10 6 2 relevant to my reading (13. 3%) (26. 7%) (33. 3%) (20%) (6. 7%) goals. The last two questions also connected with paraphrasing. There is some different with last four questions. It is happened in the post-reading strategies. It is based on the demonstration that readers give feedback after they did reading in the classroom 4. 2. 2 Set 2 Teachers questionnaire Set 2 consists of three sections.There is section A Background information, Section B The time order of battle about teaching reading and Section C Teaching reading strategies in the classroom. TABLE 4. 4 Teachers background information 1. Gender Gender Male Female Teachers 1 5 Percentage 16. 7% 83. 3% There are six teachers to participate in the research questions.Five are female or 83. 3% from the table analysis. Only one male participate in the research, percentage is 16. 7%. 2. Teaching Grade Grade 1 2 3 Teachers 2 2 2 Percentage 33. 3% 33. 3% 33. 3% All of the six teachers are teaching Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3.Percentage is average 33. 3%, it shows researcher consider about the data analyze stability and ch oose the same teacher who teaching in the same grade. The data is easier to analyze and has pertinence for teaching purpose. 3. Education Qualification Education Qualification Bachelor degree Master Doctor Number 4 2 - Percentage 66. % 33. 3% - There are three levels for the education qualification, Bachelor degree, Master and Doctor. Four teachers or 66. 7% their education qualification is Bachelor degree. It is above 50% for the six participates. Another two teachers or 33. 3%, they are Master. There is no Doctor between the six participates 4. Teaching experience Teaching Experience 2 3 5 8 ( age) Number 2 1 2 1 Percentage 33. 3% 16. 7% 33. 3% 16. 7% Six teachers have different teaching experience. Two of them or 33. 3% they have two years teaching experiences. Same number of teachers who have five years teaching experiences, the percentage is also 33. %. Another two teachers who has three and eight years teaching experiences, the percentage is only 16. 7%. TABLE 4. 5 Time cropment Item A B C D Rarely or never A few times a A few times a weekEvery or almost month every class 1.How often do you arrange - - 2 4 to do the reading exercise? Percentage - - 33. 3% 66. 7% 2. How often do you arrange - 4 2 - to do the reading test? Percentage - 66. 7% 33. 3% - Two questions about how to arrangement time for teacher to teach reading in the classroom, Question 1 is about teacher who arrange time for reading exercise. From the table, there is no participate choose A and B options. Two teachers or 33. 3% who arrange time to do the reading exercise few times in a week.And four teachers or 66. 7% they do the reading exercise every or almost every class. Question 2 is about teachers who arrange time to do the reading text. The table shows the number and percentage for the six participates answer. No one choose option A. Four teacher or 66. 7% they test students only few times in a month, frequency is not so high. Only two teachers or 33. 3% they arrange a few times a week to test students. Maybe the two teachers who teach Grade 3, they usually give the test to students. 3. Reading quantity Item A B C D 0 1-2 3-4 Above 5 3. How many articles do you give to your students - 1 3 2 and finish it? Percentage - 16. 7% 50% 33. % Question 3 is about the reading quantity that teacher gives students and asks them to finish it. The table gives very clear about the answer. Each of participate give the article to their students and answer them to finish. Only one teacher or 16. 7% give one article to students. Another three teachers or 50% give three articles everyday and ask students to finish it. Last two teachers or 33. 3% give two articles to their students. Teacher averages gives the 3-4 articles to students and ask them to finish them. This question is quiet useful for teachers. 4. Reading materials Item Number Percentage 4. What kinds of articles do you give to your students and finish it? A. Newspaper/ Journals 1 16. 7% B. Magazines - - C.Literacy extracts 2 33. 3% D. schoolman text 3 50% E. Interviews - - F. Speeches - - Teachers like choose academic text for students and ask them to finish, there are three teachers or 50% choose it.Two teachers chose literacy extracts for students and give them in the classroom teaching. Only one teacher or 16. 7% choose newspaper or journals give them to students ask to finish it in the classroom. No one give the magazines, interviews and speeches article to students. 4. 6 Teaching reading strategies There are three reading stage pre-reading, during reading and after reading, based on the reading stage, teacher teaching reading strategies into these three stages. Six participates answers the questions used their teaching experiences. TABLE 4. 6 Teaching reading strategiesItem UT UNT ST UU AU (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 1. How much do you emphasize the following pre-reading Strategies in the classroom? a) Previewing 3 3 (50%) (50%) b) Predi cting 3 3 (50%) (50%) The data has some similarity in two reading strategies. About three teachers or 50% sometimes or usually use it in the classroom teaching.There are no teachers who never or almost or always use previewing strategy in the pre-reading stage. The same data in the second strategy is predicting. There is no teacher never or almost or usually or always use it in the pre-reading stage. Three teachers or 50% teachers who use it sometimes not, it is the same with teachers sometimes use predicting in the classroom exercise. Item UT UNT ST UU AU (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2. How much do you emphasize the following during readingStrategies in the classroom? a) Skimming and Scanning 1 5 (16. 7%) (83. 3%) b) Guessing from context 1 3 2 (16. 7%) (50%) (33. 3%) 3. How much do you emphasize the following after reading Strategies in the classroom? (a) Paraphrasing 1 4 1 (16. 7%) (66. 7%) (16. 7%) From the table researcher can get the data clearly.There are five teac hers choose skimming and scanning reading strategy to teach in the classroom is very popular. There are already above 83. 3% percentage in this strategy. For the guessing from context the data is average. Three teachers or 50% are keeping neutral for this reading strategy. For the last reading stage-after reading, teacher use paraphrasing to teach students. There is only one teacher use it in the classroom. The rest of teachers they dislike using it in the classroom. For this strategy the data shows teacher are not attentions on the paraphrasing in the daily class.CHAPTER ? DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5. 1 Introduction This chapter aims to make a detailed summary of the findings during the questionnaire then analyze the significant implications of the reading strategies in the middle school students and how to teach the reading strategies in the classroom lastly put forward several recommendations for the further research. During this part is filled with researchers own perspectives i n finding this topic, there will also be some suggestions and ideas summed up from researchers experiences can be implicated in the further research. . 2 Summary of findings The findings of the research paper in chapter four clearly indicate that the two sets of questionnaire were held successfully and meaningfully to the whole research paper procedure. The findings include two parts of the research. First part is about students reading strategies and through their reading process, which type is used more widely among students in the classroom. Second part is about teachers teaching reading strategies in the classroom. According to the participants reply on the questionnaire, a summary can be shown belowFrom the questionnaire and data analyze, researcher choose the five reading strategies for the research. There are Previewing, Predicting, Skimming and Scanning, Guessing from context and Paraphrasing. These five reading strategies are used among No. 9 middle school students who part icipant the research questions. The table and bar chart shows the number and percentage that student used the frequency of each reading strategy. Researcher analyzes the data and gets the main five reading strategies for students used. For those students who use the five reading strategies, the number and percentage are not same.There are five levels NT, UNT, ST, UT and AT. It stands for different students based on their reading habits or reading experiences to choose which level is more suitable for themselves. After analyze the data, researcher chooses one type of reading strategy is more common used in the students. This strategy is skimming and scanning. 30 participates has above 60% of students who choose this strategy as their answer. In the findings TABLE 4. 2. 1 shows the number and percentage about this item. From data analyze researcher decided this reading strategy is communal used among the students who are study in No. middle school. Another research part is about teach er teaching reading strategies in the classroom. The questionnaire is related with the teacher arrange time and teaching reading strategies in the classroom. For the researchs question and data analyze, the six participates answer their question very carefully and the answers are truly. It can help researcher get better reflection and the the true of result. There are four questions about teachers classroom teaching. Consider the time arrangement and researcher pay attention on the teaching reading strategies. TABLE 4. is showing the five reading strategies that teacher used in the classroom, the data collection and analyzed researcher found that there is one strategy data is very high already maximising 83. 3% in the whole five reading strategies. The strategy is skimming and scanning, the number of teachers who used it to teaching is usually or always in the classroom. 5. 3 Discussion The questionnaire is divided into two sets. Set 1 is students questionnaire and Set 2 is teache rs questionnaire. For the Set 1, there are 14 questions to answer for students part. TABLE 4. 2. 1-4. . 5 shows the five types of items and the data analyze that 30 responder . The data displays five different types of reading strategies which used by students, their learning ability and their background is different. So the data respond their real situation. The results is from the five table analyze, researcher research one of reading strategy is common used by students. It is skimming and scanning. The frequency is higher than another four reading strategies. Some students thinking this strategy is more useful in the classroom practice or even in the test or exam.It can improve reading speed and get related information about the article. Skimming and scanning strategy is a practical strategy in comparative other four reading strategy. The findings gathered from the questionnaires did not employ certain strategies effectively which would help them cope with the demands of their ac ademic studies and which also give the answer to the second research question which is What sort of cognitive reading strategies should be developed by the students in order to continue their academic studies successfully and to get out of a text they read? The cognitive reading strategies are help students to improve their reading comprehension no matter in the usual exercises or in the examination. It is becomes useful reading strategies in the classroom. Set 2 is about teaching reading strategy in the classroom. Researcher gave the questionnaire to the responder and got the answer from them. The responder has different teaching experiences and background. They also teach different grade, because objective disparity also affects the teaching strategy. Result for TABLE 4. 6 is about teaching reading strategies among six teachers in No. middle school. It reflected teacher emphasize on use skimming and scanning reading strategy in the classroom. They prefer like use this strategy tea ch their students in reading class. The plenty number of teacher thinking this strategy is useful during students reading the article. Because of this point researcher aimed at the different reading stage and give the different reading strategies they teach in the classroom. It can get more specific reading strategies for teachers teaching. They think it is a useful reading strategy during the students used.It can help students improve the reading speed and accuracy for the practice and test when students used. This strategy for teacher who choose as the first teaching reading strategy in the classroom, it is widely used in the No. 9 middle school. 5. 4 Implication of the study The study gives the students knowledge about the reading strategies used from No. 9 middle school students and which strategy is used among the students. For the teacher they are teaching reading strategies between different level students. It also provides the factors and reasons that contribute to the miscu es.Furthermore, from the study, teachers will have a wider knowledge concerning the reading strategies that should be taken in order to help students to improve their reading speed and the accuracy of reading comprehension. 5. 5 Recommendation of the study A study was conducted tagged the types of reading strategies in the No. 9 middle school. This study was carried out in 2010 and researcher achieves the research objectives in the end. Several of data meticulously reviewed to elucidate the research topic. The following recommendations were highlighted so as to enhance effective reading strategy for students and teachers in the No. middle school 1. Use different types of reading strategies in the classroom among students learning. There are five reading strategies in the research. Only one strategy is very useful among the students used in the real situation. Further more students should apply the reading strategies for the different types of article, aimed at different types of art icles use different reading strategies in the classroom learning and reading. 2. Different level students and different teaching objectives, teacher should expand reading materials for students and the amount of article in the classroom teaching.In the research process, participates data shows the number of reading materials is less than four passages. It means they should improve the quantity of article to students to do in the classroom. And also the types of reading materials are focus on only in Newspaper/ Journals, Literacy extracts and Academic text. It is not enough for students to do. They should provide more kinds of reading materials for their students. It can enhance their reading comprehension in the classroom learning. 3. Both students and teachers are pay attention on the daily exercises in the classroom or out of classroom.Teachers give the articles to students after the class, ask them to practice and encourage students to do more reading exercises using reading stra tegies. Students should buy some related reading exercise for themselves to practice with the reading strategies. Master the reading strategies better. With these carefully implemented, researcher want to believe that they will apply these in the future learning and teaching. Help students improve their reading comprehension and increase the teaching experiences. 5. 6 Conclusion The review of reading strategies and what is the effective reading strategy among the students used in the classroom.However it is not without solution. Firstly, teachers should give more time on reading in the classroom. Help them to enhance their reading strategies. Secondly, students use reading strategies to do the different types of reading materials in the classroom. It can improve students reading ability during the class or in the test. Thirdly no matter teachers or students should give attention on effective reading strategy in the classroom. After these statements, researcher hopes it is become use ful for teachers and students in the classroom teaching.