Architecture under Emperor Augustus and Nero - 2109 Words

Architecture under Emperor Augustus and Nero The Roman architect, Vitruvius once said, â€Å" Architecture depends on Order, Arrangement, Eurhythmy, Symmetry, Propriety, and Economy† (â€Å"Virtuvius†). Vitruvius epitomizes the characteristics of Roman architecture that was not only meant to be aesthetically pleasing, but serve a social and ideological function. The Romans were masters of utilizing architectural structures to define their own history, rule and power. Rome is called the â€Å"Eternal City† and Ancient Romans are remembered not only for the political achievements, but their monumentality of buildings such as the Pantheon and Coliseum. Roman architecture focuses on proportionality, but as a whole achieves spatial unity and are independent from natural surroundings and other solid entities. The structures are reflective of Roman ideology, inspired by Greek ideals, but independent and organized on the principles of order and clarity. Roman build ings prove to be a gateway into the disposition of the emperor at the time. Throughout Roman history, Senators were often called â€Å"the fathers of the Roman people† and the father or pater was in charge of the household and society as a whole. As Augustus was called pater patriae he used the city as his household, and blurred the line between civic and domestic space. He integrated himself into the city itself and literally built his family and himself into the city’s landscape. In his Res Gestae he refers to himself as theShow MoreRelatedA Look At Roman Imperial Portraiture1572 Words   |  7 Pagesof art, particularly architecture and sculpture is rooted in adopting styles of the past to convey a particular message. The combination of Greek and Etruscan styles, such as in the Temple of Portunus in Rome, ultimately culminate to reference a new meaning and style that is independently roman. Similarly to architecture, the first Roman Emperor, Augustus, chose to liken both is architecture, by using stone and the orders, and his portraiture back to the Greeks. Romans emperors ultimately tend to useRead MoreTemple Of The Olympian Zeus And Flavian Amphitheater932 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Olympian Zeus and Flavian Amphitheater Architecture is the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and physical structures. Architectural work is often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its highly formalized characteristics, both of structure and decoration. Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but differedRead MoreFascinating Rulers Of The Roman Empire And Early Middle Ages2608 Words   |  11 Pageshistorians are Augustus, Nero, and Justinian. During each of their reigns, these rulers inspired new law codes, economic reforms, artistic innovations, and religious reform. While each ruler possessed unique skills and beliefs, each emperor had similarities in how they came to power. Art flourished and building forms renovated the various cities in The Roman Empire and Early Middle East under the reign of Augustus, Nero, and Justinian . The first emperor of Rome was Augustus. Augustus came to powerRead MoreRoman Empire1506 Words   |  7 Pages  The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors, and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The 500 year old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victoryRead MorePolitical and Cultural Significance of the Flavian Amphitheatre1748 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical tool, to manipulate the views of the people and to demonstrate the power of the State. The very first emperor of Rome, Augustus, initiated social reform through the construction of buildings from 27 BC onwards. Emperor Vespasian in 69 AD used a similar initiative, and through out Rome’s history it can be seen that times of civil unrest are often followed by a flourish in architecture and the arts. An example of this can be seen in one of Vespasian’s major building projects, the Colosseum, officiallyRead MoreThe Arch of Titus: The Triumph of the Emperor Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesuses of architecture for glorification of a Roman emperor is the Arch of Titus. Built specifically upon the highest point of the Via Sacra, or Sacred Road, this arch is a lasting monument to the glorification of Titus. The Arch of Titus was built by Emperor Domitian to honor the capture and siege of Jerusalem by Titus and his apotheosis, or deification. This arch is an outstanding example of one of the most celebrated ways used by the Romans to express the honor and glory of their emperors. The ArchRead MoreHumanities in Ancient Rome2129 Words   |  9 Pagescenturies of Rome’s existence, it produced hundreds upon thousands of architects, musicians, playwrights, actors, sculptures and many other artists of all kinds. Arguably though, Rome is most known for its stunning architecture, classic sculptures and beautiful paintings. The architecture of ancient Rome was born out of necessity rather than for beauty. Rome was the most populated city of its time and was more populated than any city ever up until that point. At its height, it was the home to approximatelyRead MoreThe Legacy of Rome Essay998 Words   |  4 Pageshand, literally. The emperor would signal a thumbs down if the soldier deserved to live, and gave a thumbs up if he felt the soldier should die. Men dressed as Roman gods would kill the condemned soldiers to add some sensationalism to the already sensational event. The gladiators fought in huge coliseums or amphitheaters. The largest was The Colosseum in Rome. It sat 45,000 people and was where the emperor would host his personal games which, if you lived in the time of Nero, he usually won. TheRead MoreAugustan Art and Propaganda Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pagesand chaotic period for Rome, and after his death, a large portion of the empire was handed down to his adopted son, Gaius Octavian. From the ashes of his father, Octavian was able to build an Empire unparalleled. Later, the name Augustus was given to him by Senate. Augustus ostensibly maintained the form of the Roman Republic while in actuality creating the Roman Empire. He introduced the administrative reforms that led to the Pax Romana with its flourishing of trade and the arts. Although AugustussRead MoreThe Effect of Emperors on Religion2087 Words   |  8 Pagesadherents and for the others. Historically, it is commonly known that Christianity started with Jesus in the ancient Roman world, it is commonly known that he was eventually executed and that, after his death, Christians were persecuted under several Roman emperors reigns, and it is commonly known that during one specific reign the Romans started to shift their attitude towards Christians and Christianity became the main religion of Rome and of all its provinces that adopted Romes culture, traditions

Challenging Behavior - 2435 Words

Challenging behavior is the term emphasizes that the behaviors constitute a challenge to other people to find effective ways of responding to them. It underlines the idea that the person is not seen as problematic in them. Rather, the problem lies in the interaction between the person, their behavior and their social environment. Some examples of challenging behavior are destructiveness, self-injury, and stereotypes mannerisms and so on. Aggression is one of the challenging behaviors. Aggressive behavior typically refers to the intended infliction of harm or injury on another person. Define of aggressive behavior According to Berkowitz (1993) aggression refers to goal-directed motor behavior that has a deliberate intent to harm or†¦show more content†¦In non-disabled population, in Denver and Pittsburgh, 82–88 percent of these samples of high-risk youth reported engaging in some form of aggression or violence before age 13, with roughly 60 percent of Denver children and nearly 80 percent of boys in Pittsburgh reporting these behaviors before age 9. Approximately 24–33 percent reported involvement only in aggression in which no one was injured. The prevalence of minor assaults in which the victim was injured was approximately 50 percent in Denver (57 percent of boys and 40 percent of girls) and 32 percent of boys in Pittsburgh. Target for intervention Aggressive behavior is good target for intervention. For the client, the intervention produces comprehensive lifestyle changes and uses procedures that are practical, relevant, and capable of generating long-term maintenance. Define of pulling hair and its measure Aggressive acts can be measured by considering their frequency, intensity, type of act, e.g., impulsive, premeditated, target of the act, and patterns or cycles. Pulling hair can measure by direct observation, teacher report; interview the client’s family or carer. Also there are some Interview tools and techniques that can be measured nowadays, e.g. projective techniques,Show MoreRelatedChallenging Behavior ( S )1926 Words   |  8 PagesChallenging Behavior(s): Off-Task is defined but not limited to following a direction within 10 seconds, talking to others as class is expected to be quiet, using computer or other materials during unintended time or purpose during class time. Inappropriate Retort - is defined as but not limited to responding verbally with comments that appear to be incongruous for the conversational topic, timing, tone, or relevance. Background: Owen entered 8th grade in September 2016 supported by an IndividualizedRead MoreManaging Challenging Behaviors Within Classroom Management976 Words   |  4 PagesManaging challenging behaviours in our classroom continues to be as one of the most challenging problems in education today. Conte (1994, p.308) mentioned, If teachers, administrators, parents, and students acknowledge that the lack of discipline is a serious concern and interferes with the teaching-learning process, one would think that steps would be taken to remedy the problem.† Today s classrooms are more complicated than in the past. Discipline is now known as classroom behaviour managementRead MoreChallenging Behaviors in Young Children and Their Functions Essay3620 Words   |  15 Pages   Challenging Behaviors in Young Children and Their Functions   Anastasia Sims   ECE201: Intro to Early Childhood Behavior Management (ACP1116B)   June 22, 2011    Introduction There are many reasons why young children have challenging behaviors. These reasons, or functions, for behaviors are serving a purpose for that child. It is our job as educators to figure out what those functions are so they can be prevented or managed, in the case of disruptive or dangerous behaviors, orRead MoreManagement of Challenging Behavior in Elderly People4786 Words   |  20 PagesThe aim of this assignment is to explore challenging behaviour in the person with dementia. As it is outside the scope of this assignment to explore all the potential reasons for challenging behaviour, the focus of this assignment will be on challenging behaviour in the context of the communication of pain, using a case study to illustrate this. This assignment will describe challenging behaviours, the behaviours associated with pain, and the management strategies employed by nursing staff, usingRead MoreEffects Of Challenging Behavior On Health And Social Care Settings2664 Words   |  11 Pages Effects of Challenging Behaviour This assignment will be discussing how legislation applies to challenging behavior. It will also outline how strategies are used to minimise effects of challenging behaviour in health and social care settings. It will further discuss and evaluate how the strategies are used to minimise effects of one type of challenging behaviour in a health and social care setting. There are many legislations that apply to challenging behaviour and these include, The Human RightsRead MoreIs Music Therapy Beneficial On Deterring Challenging Behavior For Dementia Sufferers?2852 Words   |  12 Pages HS7110 ?DISSERTATION PROPOSAL Topic Is music therapy beneficial in minimising challenging behaviour for dementia sufferers? Module Leader AMINA DILMOHAMED Student Number U0806781 Submission Date 5 May 2016 Contents Introduction 1 Background 1 Aim 1 Objectives 1 Methodology 2 Search Strategy 2 Inclusion Criteria 2 Exclusion Criteria 2 Discussion 9 Conclusion 9 References 9 Appendices 9 Appendix 1 9 Appendix 2 9 Dissertation Proposal Introduction Globally it is estimated that 46Read MoreChallenging Behavior in People With Learning Disabilities Through a Psychological Perspective887 Words   |  4 PagesThis task will be focused on a service user group, more specifically on adults. It will explain challenging behaviour in people with learning disabilities through a psychological perspective which is behaviourism, and finally discuss how a social worker could address the issue by applying a psychological intervention or approach which will be behaviour modification. Valuing People (2001) recognises that learning disability can limit a person’s daily functions which can result in low status withinRead MoreTeaching Students With Challenging Behaviors762 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Æ' Teaching students with challenging behaviors begins with understanding behaviors utilizing Culturally Responsive Instructions and strategies. Howard is a sixth grader that has been referred to the office six times in four month by his first-year teacher Ms. Anderson for his â€Å"insubordinations†. Based on Ms. Anderson observations Howard exhibits specific weakness in mathematics resulting in incomplete in-class work assignments and avoidance behaviors when asked to work at the whiteboard. Howard’sRead MoreChallenging Behavior As A Class Teacher1951 Words   |  8 PagesChallenging behaviour has always been and still is an issue for schools. It is known if behaviour is not dealt with adequately in the classroom, a vast amount of teaching and learning time is lost on a daily basis. Carpenter and McKee-Higgins (1996) argue that even though a classroom free of disruptive behaviour does not ensure academic gains, order is generally a prerequisite for the smooth running of the classroom. This is an issue that does not only concern those new to the profession, but alsoRead MoreChallenging Behavior And Its Effect On Children s Behavior2174 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Well done Suffian*! That is one more minute added to your ‘reward box’ time† (see Appendix one) Challenging behaviour has always been and still is an issue for schools. It is known if behaviour is not dealt with adequately in the classroom, a vast amount of teaching and learning time is lost. Although, Carpenter and McKee-Higgins (1996) argue that even if classrooms are free of disruptive behaviour, it does not ensure academic gains, but generally, order is a prerequisite for the smooth running

A Sociological view of Divorce Essay Example For Students

A Sociological view of Divorce Essay They were the family you always wish you hadThe Cleavers. Wise and wonderful Ward. A pal as well as a Dad. June. The perfect wife and mother. Big brother Wally. Popular, smart and athletic one tough act to follow. And last but definitely not least, hapless, irrepressible Theodore, a.k.a. the Beaver, just a regular kid trying his best to stay out of trouble while finding a thousand ways to place himself at troubles doorstep. Leave it to Beaver. It was the television hit in the 60s that hallmarked the phrase, The American Family and made it its own. Introduction:Here we are, 40 years later, in the midst of social turmoil, where the values and principles such as the family unit that were once our nations bedframe, are now the very same values and principles we are starting to question. Needless to say, the family structure is riding the wave of a rapidly changing society and changing right along with it. More adolescents are growing up in a wider margin of family structures than ever be fore in history. Divorce is not only personal trouble dividing households, but it has become a developing Social issue sweeping the nation. The number of adolescents growing up specifically in broken families is mounting everyday. Divorce has become an epidemic among our nation invading one in every two marriages in this country (Patz 59). In fact the United States has the highest percentile of single parent families, compared to all other countries (Santrock 167). And by age 18, approximately one fourth of all American children will have lived part of their lives in a step-family unit (Santrock 167). I knew that adolescents of divorced families were put at a greater individual risk and vulnerability to adjustment problems later in life, however I was not aware of the particular areas that such a division in the family structure could have an affect on. Evidence shows however that not only does divorce permanently weaken the child/parents relationship, but has also been found to be behind lowered academic performance, destructive ways of handling conflict, a poorer self-image, greater engagement in delinquent activities and the root of pessimism towards future relationships and goals in life. These things only perpetuate the rapid downward spiral of family breakdown (How Might Divorce Affect My Childs Behavior? 2000). Theoretical Framework:Sociologists often look at behaviors and societal trends from a theoretical perspective. Such perspectives are theories, or a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events. I would like to take a deeper look at the United States current rising divorce rate and its affect on our adolescents, from an interactionist perspective. Interactionists viewpoints are based on the assumption that society is the sum of the meaning of the interactions of the individuals and groups. This perspective focuses on behavior or on each persons interpretation or definition of a given situat ion. The relation of divorce to this macro-level interactionist theory is that divorce is primarily dependent on humans living in cohesive groups or not, and communicating and its affects on the members involved. Research shows that the wrenching act of divorce and the loss of that original unit and the hope tied to it is often irreplaceable for a child and has a permanent affect of cataclysmic proportions (Preston 12). And children of divorced households, appear to show higher expectations of divorce and to have higher divorce rates later in life, and less desire to have children (How Might Divorce Affect My Childs Behavior? 2000). Thus completing the downward spin of the deterioration in family units and the increase of the divorce rate. Personal Trouble:I have been blessed to be born and raised in an intact household and to have a close family. But I have been in the company of many who havent had that same background. My roommate here, who is one of my closest friends, comes fro m a divorced family. And in researching this topic, I have been able to pick out many more characteristics of a stereotypical child from a broken home in her. In sharing some of my discoveries, in no way am I belittling my roommate or presenting her as a bad person at all, I have the utmost respect for Sarah and her family. But, divorce did take its toll on her, and her family. Sarahs parents were first separated when she was 8 for 2 years, and then officially became divorced when she was 10. Neither parents are remarried or currently dating another party. When Sarah was younger, she has shared with me that she would she was devastated, but she didnt know how to deal with her pain and anger, and so she didnt. She pushed it from her mind. But pain never goes away, and it showed up in places she didnt intend. Sarah revealed to me her struggles especially when she was younger with classmates and school performance. Her reactions to normal conflict were extreme and sometimes debilitatin g. Increased feelings of irritability and frustration lead to difficulty with other classmates, leaving her alone and feeling isolated not only at home, but now amongst her peers. Overwhelming feelings of sadness, and lonliness and a damaged self image was reflected in her school work as she could not concentrate on her work. Relationships, academic performance and her happiness suffered immensely. As she matured and aged, Sarah was able to deal with her emotions and hurt better. But that does not mean it hasnt gone away. She believes her parents are happier people now because of it, and although she misses family outings she rather see her parents happy then angry and bitter. Sarah has come a long way, she has grown up a lot. She does not place blame, but wishes her parents had been saved, for maybe that would have made a difference. Sarah shared a verse with me in Malachi 2:16,I hate divorce, says the Lord God of Israel, and I hate a mans covering himself with violence as well as with his garment, says the Lord Almighty. So guard yourself in your spirit and do not break faith. She found comfort in this passage, feeling that her parents arent completely to blame, for they did not know the Lord, and thus had no faith to work off of. Sarah makes one thing certain, that she is going to marry a man who loves the Lord who will continue to endeavor in having a communion among the three of them! Social Issue:Are adolescents better adjusted with in intact families than in divorced families? Or is there no difference? When compared to children of never-divorced families, researchers agree that children and adolescents from divorced families show poorer adjustment in every area of life (Santrock 167). Studies conclude that 25% of children from divorced families have severe social, emotional, or psychological problems, as opposed to 10% of kids from intact families (Corliss 41). After following more than 100 kids whose parents had recently divorced, Wallerstein conclude d that the affects of a break in the family unit are life-long and traumatic for children and adolescents. While the parents were liberated, interviews with the kids displayed a profound pessimism about their future and were left feeling bereft ( Kantrowitz 48). Adolescents also battle with anxiety, and self blame and anger, which then acts as the undercurrent for making bad choices in relationhips, and giving up hastily when prolems present themselves. They struggle because they lack an internal template of a successful relationship (Kantrowitz 49). And as adults, these young people were frightened of failure, of commitment , and terrified that they were going to follow in their parents footsteps (Corliss 41). Such emotional hardships only set the stage for misbehavior and delinquent activity. As marriage has become a more optional, less permanent institution in contemporary America, adolescents are encountering stresses and adaptive challenges that piggy-back off of their parents marital transitions. Such dysfunctional self concepts, anxiety and trouble adapting socially as discussed earlier have been proven to affect the childs actions, as well as their mind set as well. Recent studies have shown that adolescents who have endured a divorce experience are most likely to have academic problems, deviant behavior, are more likely to drop out of school, to become sexually active at an earlier age, to experiment with drugs, to associate with the wrong crowd, and to have low self-esteem (How does Divorce Affect Children? 2001). Anxiety battles carry over into the classroom too. Children of divorced families,suffer sever cognitive impairments as a result of parental separation. There is a significant disruption in the childs ability to paricipate freely in the learning process. Anxiety, restlessness, inability to concentrate, and intrusive thoughts about the separation all contribute to this disruption and lead to a drop in school performance (How Does Divorce Affect Children? 2001). wordsworth EssayAs marriage has become a more optional, less permanent institution in contemporary America, adolescents are encountering stresses and adaptive challenges that piggy-back off of their parents marital transitions. Such dysfunctional self concepts, anxiety and trouble adapting socially as discussed earlier have been proven to affect the childs actions, as well as their mind set as well. Recent studies have shown that adolescents who have endured a divorce experience are most likely to have academic problems, deviant behavior, are more likely to drop out of school, to become sexually active at an earlier age, to experiment with drugs, to associate with the wrong crowd, and to have low self-esteem (How does Divorce Affect Children? 2001). Anxiety battles carry over into the classroom too. Children of divorced families,suffer sever cognitive impairments as a result of parental separation. There is a significant disruption in the childs ability to paricipate freely in the learning process. Anxiety, restlessness, inability to concentrate, and intrusive thoughts about the separation all contribute to this disruption and lead to a drop in school performance (How Does Divorce Affect Children? 2001). And from the classroom, such problems appear on the streets and neighborhoods as well. Children of broken homes are significantly more likely to become delinquent by the age 15, regardless of when the divorce took place, than are children who are from intact homes (How Might Divorce Affect My Childs Behavior?2000). And children without biological fathers in the home are roughly 3 times more likely to commit a crime that leads to imprisonment than are children from intact families (How Might Divorce Affect My Childs Behavior?2000). Divorce also stands behind one of the deadliest killers of our adolescents; suicide. The most frequent background characteristic among adolescents who commit suicide is the divorce of their parents (How Might Divorce Affect My Childs Behavior 2000). Another affect that divorce has on adolescence is the loss of intimate relationships between both or one parent and the adolescent. Weak bonds with parents emerge from the turmoil that precedes and follows divor ce. Studies continually show that divorce is heavily associated with fewer expressions of parental affection, greater parental strictness in dealing with childrens misbehavior and more inconsistency in dispensing discipline (Amato 905). Parental loss through divorce is a disruption of one of the most sacred and significant relationships in any childs life. And thus, can have a considerable impact in ones life. But often times in the occurrence of a divorce, where the parents in any case are not full time parents but rather take on the roles of nonresidential parents. Such is the role in which the parents try to have a friendly, companionable relationship with their adolescents, rather than a traditional parental relationship (Santrock 169). The parents focus their energy to keeping the visits with their child pleasant and entertaining where they can be more of a friend, and are reluctant to assume the position of disciplinarian or authoritarian (Santrock 169). The loss of authoritat ive parenting in an adolescents life leaves children without structure and without consequences and rules. Thus it is this shove that sends them spiraling into self destructive behavior. And researchers prove that about one fourth to one third of adolescents in divorced families, compared to 10 percent in nondivorced families, end up becoming disengaged from their families all together, spending as little time as possible at home and in contact with family members (Santrock 169). This corruption between the parent and adolescent just adds to more problems later on life as well. From the onset of the divorce the child has already become accustomed to sacrificing his/her own needs and developments. And as studies have concurred that this makes it hard for them to develop socially as their relationship role models have been demolished in their eyes (Bush 1124). Not only has the child lost their own sense of identity through a divorce, but also many times their parents as well. Conclusion:So what happened to the Leave it to Beaver persona that used to be seen in the typical American family and not just on TV? As long as families follow the trend that divorce is setting, more and more children will be the victimized and left to fend for themselves whether it be physically with unstable custodial parents or mentally without any role models and structure in their lives to keep them on the straight and narrow. I think divorce acts as its own indicator that it disrupts peoples lives, especially adolescents as they are more impressionable in this stage. Divorce has been shown to adversely affect academic performance, and personal characteristics as far as social skills and self presentation, it erodes the parent-child relationship and takes away structure and replaces it with a consequence free environment. And when you take a child, an adolescent none-the-less at the height of confusion and insecurity and remove boundaries such as parents, rules, and regulations , thats trouble. If children are our future, maybe we should be equipping them with more than freedom. To appropriately prepare for the future, I think we should take a step back into the past and watch a few Leave It to Beaver episodes and maybe we can come up with a better game plan.

Service Marketing Organization Theory

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketingfor Organization Theory. Answer: Introduction: The main purpose of this case study is to understand the relevance of QR codes in the service sector. The marketing opportunities and potential advantages of QR codes are also discussed in this study. The perceived risks associated with products for consumers on usage of QR codes with reference to service industry are also discussed in this case study. The future substitutes like AR, NFC, Google goggles or Snap tag for QR codes that can enhance business operations of service sector and customers satisfaction are also discussed in this study. The stage at which customers wanted to get enough information about the products or services they wanted to purchase or use is the significant stage for usage of QR codes in the process of consumers decision making. The knowledge related to products is key element during the consumers decision making and usage of QR codes will be significant for delivering the information according to need (Higgins et al, 2014). QR codes will be able to give enough information about products nature. The product information given by the QR codes is consistent in nature according to information search and also acts as primary method to reduce the risks during the product purchase decision by the consumers. Theories of balance scorecard and marketing mix are also most important factors that give the information related to product or services to the consumers. Balance scorecard will enable consumers about their needs related to products and also suggests appropriate initiatives to purchase the desired products (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). Marketing mix also gives consumers enough knowledge related to products or services they desired to purchase and also provides information related to all qualities of the products with information of manufacturing company as well. There are several marketing business opportunities of QR codes in service sector that helps the business to grow in efficient manner. QR codes can be linked to provide installation information. These can also provides source information related to parts or services that needs to be replaced. These also help in directing to the business operations and also help the companies in hiring professional for business. These codes are also use valuable coupons or special offers for any business to promote products or services in effective manner (Wirtz and Lovelock, 2016). These also provide feedback forms of the customers to effectively improve the quality or issue related to the products or services for the companies. The customer needs to have knowledge related to scan QR codes. The financial companies using QR codes for accessing quick information of customers to give follow up calls regarding sales. Most of the airlines companies are using QR codes as passes for digital boarding. Verizon also using QR codes at its retail stores which allows customers to participate and win smart phones. Marketing mix will help in promoting products or services at efficient locations to different customers (Hunt, 2014). The product factor of marketing mix will provide enough information related to products or services offered by the companies to customers. Ansoffs matrix can also be used for strategically developing business operations for organizations. This provides excellent marketing opportunities to develop the product in efficient manner. QR codes are important aspects in inventory management or manufacturing industry. These help in tracking more products prices and names that can include part number, serial number and other information. QR codes can also be used instead of barcodes as can encode maximum products or components. These codes can easily be read using cell phones or smart phones and not requires scanners to read information. These codes can also save or store large amount of information in terms of URLs, texts and geo coordinates (Klein, 2014). These are also cost effective and enable companies not to purchase scanners to record all inventory transactions in efficient manner. The employees of service industries prefer to use cell phones to scan OR codes as these are convenient and easier to use. These also not require smart phones to be connected with computers to operate business operations for service sector. Porters model will help the service sector in analysing their competitors and will also helps to access the factors that can enable them to achieve desired business growth of companies. Maslows theory also helps the companies to understand the customers desires and on that basis products or services are developed by the companies (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). This theory also makes the service sector to efficiently use the QR codes in order to get competitive advantage in the preset marketing conditions. There are various strategies adopted to attract customers to use QR codes to get information related to products or services. These codes offer interactivities to consumers so that can scan codes for launching advertisements on their phones that can increase potential to interact by clicking to perform several tasks to receive offers or coupons. This makes consumer connected with brand with quick access to all information related to products or services (Kim and Yoon, 2014). The customers who do not have sufficient technological knowledge have the difficulty to understand QR codes and sacking those codes is even difficult task for those customers. These codes need to be easier to san that should not require any guesswork from the consumers. The perceived response of QR can be understood with help of interactivity which includes user control, responsiveness and connectedness and immediately responds on consumers requests. Porters model will help the companies to analyse the threats or new entrants for the QR codes and will enhance business growth for companies by providing relevant information related to products and their significance for the customers. The SWOT and PESTLE analysis will also help service sector to determine risks on products associated with usage of QR codes for the consumers (Baker, 2014). These theories also provide enough business opportunities to service sector by providing quick information o customers using QR codes. There are so many cases associated with erroneous or time placement on misuse of QR codes. AR, NFC, i-Beacons, clickable paper Google goggles, or Snap Tag can be the future substitutes for QR codes that will certainly enhance operations of service sector and at the same time, also able to satisfy all needs of the customers. Snap tags are faster and can store more data than QR codes. Augment Reality (AR) overlays the entire world with content of digitalism (Waters, 2017). AR is mainly live, indirect and direct presentation of physical and real word whose elements augmented with sound, graphics, or video by the computers. Near field communication (NFC) mainly includes NFC chips and mobile devices. This helps in exchanging contact information within the two devices and easier to use. Clickable papers will help the customers to link with different links or social buttons where required information displayed as the image overlaid on the links. The swot analysis and pestle analysis tools of marketing will help the service sector to expand its business operations according to current business environment and will also successful in satisfying all needs related to quality and quantity of the products or services (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). The swot analysis will help service sector in analysing internal structure of business and strategies needs to improve business operations. Further, pestle analysis will analyse the external environment for service sector and will help to form strategies or develop such products that can satisfy all needs of the customers. References: Babin, B. and Zikmund, W. (2015) Exploring marketing research.USA: Cengage Learning. Baker, M. (2014) Marketing strategy and management. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Hatch, M. and Cunliffe, A. (2013) Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives.UK: Oxford university press. Higgins, L., Wolf, M. and Wolf, M. (2014) Technological change in the wine market? The role of QR codes and wine apps in consumer wine purchases. Wine Economics and Policy, 3(1), pp.19-27. Hunt, S. (2014) Marketing Theory: Foundations, Controversy, Strategy, and Resource-advantage Theory.UK: Routledge. Kim, E. and Yoon, N. (2014) Perceived QR code technological attributes in the smart shopping context. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 5(4), pp.297-307. Klein, M. (2014) Contribution of QR-Codes to the Marketing Mix A Case Study. Management, 4(3A), pp.1-11. Lusch, R. and Vargo, S. (2014) The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions.UK: Routledge. Waters, J. (2017) Future alternatives to QR codes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.dummies.com/business/marketing/social-media-marketing/future-alternatives-to-qr-codes/ (Accessed: 11 April, 2017). Wirtz, J. and Lovelock, C. (2016) Services marketing: people, technology, strategy.UK: World Scientific Publishing Co Inc.