Blood Brothers Essay

Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. The dictionary definition of narrate – VT (a story) to tell, relate; to give an account of; (film, TV) to provide a spoken commentary for narration n – narrator n†¦ The tradition of narration came from the Greek chorus. Their were thirteen people in the chorus; all singing and dancing. The chorus which served as the narrator, asked probing questions, and also gave great advice to the heroes. If there was any violence it was merely narrated, and not presented for fear of offending the audience. The purpose of the narrator is to let the audience know what is going on. Narration is one of the most important components of a story. The characters, plot, setting, and theme are also significant; however the narrator sets the mood and also the pace of the story, as well as predicting what might happen when the narrator is omniscient. In Blood Brothers the narrator plays a variety of roles for example sometimes he is at a higher status than them and also is sometimes very negative. The original Greek narrator was in a chorus which consisted of thirteen people, in the play ‘Blood Brothers’ the narrator sang with the characters but he was much more involved and not separated, as the Greek chorus were. The Greek chorus usually stayed as part of the chorus or on the side of the stage. They knew everything about the characters and sometimes they could see into the future like in ‘Blood Brothers’ when the narrator was preparing the audience for what was going to come next in throughout the play. They usually spoke the beginning and end of the play. He narrated the beginning of the play to set the scene and at the end he was the last one to speak before they in ‘Blood Brothers’ case this was just after the twins died. In act 1 scene 1 the narrator is a storyteller. He also sounds, very negative in what he is saying as he says ‘ Brother parted from brother’ ‘Wrenched apart’ ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ which is negative. His mother gave him away because she didn’t think she would be able to cope and also because of money as well as her other seven children. I feel that the narrator is being very harsh because the way he says ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ but she knew that she might be able to cope with one more children but not with two as it’s only her to look after them. I don’t think its good that the narrator manipulates the characters minds as it is coming away from the tradition so I don’t think that’s a good idea because as soon as one thing changes they change everything. In this scene Act 1 scene 3 ‘the shoes the shoes†¦ ‘ ‘What’s wrong with them’ ‘on. On the table take them off†¦ take them off’ ‘oh god you never put new shoes on a table Miss Lyons. You never know what might happen. ‘ The narrator is forcing the idea of superstitions and it makes the audience wonder if it will have any effects, as it appears to. Eventually he is also trying to enforce that as she was not very well educated and believe in superstition like that but as the educated ones know more and are better off so they don’t believe in as much superstition as them. The narrator appears to be working in Mrs Lyons favour and against the mother. In act 1 scene 6 the narrator informs the audience he has also set up his plan on controlling the families, that the mother reminding the audience of the decision and is regretting giving her baby away, ‘ The debt’ makes it sound like it’s a business deal and is also a metaphor, ‘ Paid’ those words are both cold. The narrator is also blaming the mother for giving her child away. I think that it is her fault for giving her child but at the end of the day she knew she wouldn’t be able to cope with any more children so she had to do something. The narrator’s main role throughout the show is to act as a constant reminder to us of the brother’s tragic fate for example ‘Shoes upon the table’ which is repeated throughout both acts of the show. In Act 2 scene 1 the narrator makes this scene particularly eerie. The idea of the devil being there all the time indicates something terrible might happen. Here he is playing the part of the devil ‘there’s no use clutching at your rosary, the Devils in the back yard, he can see thought the gaps in the curtains he sees it all, there’s no use in hiding in the hall. When he raps at the knocker then he knows you’re in; No you wont no you’ll never get away from him. This raises an evil issue as he’s everywhere. The last two lines ‘No you won’t, No you’ll never get away from him. ‘ Is an eerie writing that is repeated for even more effect. From Act 2 scene 11 we notice from the first two lines that there is repetition. The only difference is of the back yard working – class garden middle class. ‘Devil in your bones getting into your ghostly running away from someone you can run hide but he’ll always find you when he rings at the chimes’ it builds up tension as he is saying that you will never get away from the devil even if you run hide he’ll always find you and is also showing the ghostly side of him, and again the idea of the negative within the play. From Act 4 Scene 1 we notice the narrator in a positive light as he comments ‘The summers never ever going to end’ ‘ The devil is hardly visible’. There is not much evidence of negative. The narrator also makes the audience happy which also makes the m unprepared for what is coming. In Act 4 scene 2 there is as difference as the social class has divided them because Mickey wanted to work but Eddie has a lot of money and doesn’t have to work which causes frustration for Mickey. Again the narrator hints at the idea that the social class division may lead to a negative outcome. In this scene (Act 4 scene 3) Mickey is offered a job from Eddie but refuses it and is sad because he cannot find one himself, the feels that he has lost the sense of pride. Again this gives the audience even more clue that because of this Mickey and Eddie will be torn apart even more. In Act 5 scene 1 Linda got Mickey and Eddie takes over his fathers business. Gradually throughout the play the narrator is not warning + predicting but gradually taking over the whole character by being within that character. If I was the director I would dress the narrator in black as that is a dark colour and also can represent the negativity in the play. But I would also dress him in a lighter colour like yellow to show the happier side of the narrator. I would make him dress in red to show the devil side of him or give him a red fork so show that there is also a devil with in him when he is manipulating the characters to do bad things or talking in a cold tone. I’d also consider putting him at a higher status I would make him stand on the balcony or on staging blocks as he seems to be controlling the families but I would also ask him to walk around so he would be in with the cast to show the equality in status at times. He would have a deep voice as many people see god as having a deep voice and as he is controlling the families and is a higher status and people see god to be in the sky. My narrator would appear at the beginning and at the end of the play. He would also appear to sing with the characters so he will be interacting with the characters. He would also be standing on the balcony at the side when he would be controlling the families I would also want him to interact with the characters as I want him walking around in between the characters when they are frozen and he is explaining to the audience what is happening. For the body language if I was showing the bad side of him I would make him stand in one place at a higher status staring down at the characters but if he’s in a good mood I want him walking around interacting with the characters. I would also give him a strong accent as many people perceive god to have a strong accent and a deep voice. He will also talk loud as that’s how many people see god. Conclusion The understanding of the narrator has helped me to analyse this dramatic technique by setting the scene, also explaining to the audience what is going on. I found it particularly useful to be able to compare the Blood Brothers narrator with the original Greek narrator and this produced me with even more understanding.

Blood Promise Chapter Sixteen

Denis and his two unpromised friends, Artur and Lev, were ecstatic that I was going to be part of their posse. But if they expected me to share their crazy enthusiasm for reckless Strigoi hunting, they were about to be sorely disappointed. In fact, it didn't take long after I joined them before they realized that I was approaching the hunt very differently than they were. Denis's friend Lev had a car, and we took turns driving to Novosibirsk. The drive was about fifteen hours, and even though we stopped at a hotel for the night, it was still a lot of continuous time to be cooped up in a small space with three guys who couldn't stop talking about all the Strigoi they were going to kill. In particular, they kept trying to draw me out. They wanted to know about how many Strigoi I'd slain. They wanted to know what the battle at the Academy had been like. They wanted to know my methods. Anytime my mind turned to those topics, though, all I could think of was blood and grief. It was nothing I wanted to brag about, and it took about six hours on the road for them to finally figure out that they weren't going to get much information from me. Instead, they regaled me with tales of their own adventures. To be fair, they'd slain several Strigoi-but they'd lost a number of their friends, all of whom had been in their teens, like these guys. My experiences weren't that dissimilar; I'd lost friends too. My losses had been a result of being outnumbered, though. Denis's group's casualties seemed to have been more due to rushing in to without thinking. Indeed, their plan once we got to Novosibirsk wasn't really that solid. They reiterated that Strigoi liked to hunt at places that were crowded at night, like dance clubs, or in remote places like alleys, that made for easy pickings. No one noticed as much when people disappeared from those kinds of places. So Denis's plans mostly involved trolling those hot spots in the hopes that we'd run into Strigoi. My initial thought was to immediately ditch this group and strike out on my own. After all, my main goal had been to simply get to Novosibirsk. With everything I'd learned now, it seemed logical that Siberia's largest city would be the next best place to look. Then, the more I thought about it, the more I realized that jumping into the Strigoi scene alone would be as stupid as one of the unpromised gang's plans. I could use their backup. Plus, since I didn't actually know where Dimitri was yet, I had to come up with a method of getting some information. I'd need help for that. We made it to Novosibirsk at the end of the second day of driving. Despite hearing about its size, I hadn't imagined it would be anything like Moscow or Saint Petersburg. And true, it turned out to be not quite as large as they were, but it was still just as much a city, complete with skyscrapers, theaters, commuters, and the same beautiful architecture. We crashed with a friend of theirs who had an apartment downtown, a dhampir named Tamara. Her English wasn't very good, but from the sounds of it, she was another unpromised one and just as excited as everyone else to rid the world of Strigoi. She was a little older than the rest of us, which was why she had her own place, and was a cute brunette with freckles. It sounded as though she waited until whenever the guys came to town to hunt, which I took as a small blessing. At least she didn't go out alone. She seemed particularly excited to have another girl around, but like the others, she quickly picked up that I didn't share their enthusiasm. When our first night of Strigoi hunting came around, I finally stepped up into a leadership position. The sudden change in behavior startled them at first, but they soon listened with rapt attention, still caught up in my superstar reputation. â€Å"Okay,† I said, looking from face to face. We were in Tamara's tiny living room, sitting in a circle. â€Å"Here's how it's going to work. We're going to hit the nightclub scene as a group, patrolling it and the alleys behind it for-â€Å" â€Å"Wait,† interrupted Denis. â€Å"We usually split up.† â€Å"Which is why you get killed,† I snapped. â€Å"We're going as a group.† â€Å"Haven't you killed Strigoi by yourself, though?† asked Lev. He was the tallest of the group, with a long and lanky figure that was almost Moroi-like. â€Å"Yes, but I got lucky.† That, and I also just thought I was a better fighter than any of them. Call me arrogant, but I was a damned good guardian. Or near-guardian. â€Å"We'll do better with all five of us. When we find Strigoi, we've got to make sure we take care of them in an isolated place.† I hadn't forgotten Sydney's warnings. â€Å"But before we kill them, I need to talk to them. It'll be your job to restrain them.† â€Å"Why?† asked Denis. â€Å"What do you have to say to them?† â€Å"Actually, it's what they have to say to me. Look, it won't take long. And you'll get to make your kill in the end, so don't worry about it. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This next part went against my grand plans, but I knew I had to say it. I wouldn't get them killed for the sake of my own quest. â€Å"If we get ourselves in a situation where you're trapped or in immediate danger, forget the talking and restraining. Kill. Save yourself.† Apparently, I seemed confident and badass enough that they decided to go along with whatever I said. Part of our plan involved going â€Å"undercover,† so to speak. Any Strigoi who was close or got a good enough look would immediately recognize us as dhampirs. It was important that we not attract any attention. We needed a Strigoi scanning for victims to pass right over us. We needed to look like other human club-goers. So we dressed the part, and I was a bit astonished at how well the guys cleaned up. Denis, crazy or not, was particularly good-looking, sharing the same dark gold hair and brown eyes that his brother Nikolai had. My few changes of clothes weren't quite up to partying standards, so Tamara delved into her wardrobe for me. She seemed to take a lot of delight in finding things for me to wear. We were actually similar in size, which was kind of amazing. With her tall, super-slim build, Lissa and I had never been able to share clothes. Tamara was my height and had a similar body type. She first offered me a short, tight dress that was so similar to the one Viktoria had worn that I just shook my head and handed it back. The memories of our argument still hurt, and I wasn't going to relive that night or in any way play blood whore dress-up. Instead, Tamara settled for dressing me in black jeans and a black tank top. I consented to hair and makeup too, and studying myself in the mirror, I had to admit she did a good job. As vain as it was, I liked looking good. I especially liked that the guys looked at me in a way that was admiring and respectful-but not like I was some piece of meat. Tamara offered me jewelry too, but the only thing I'd wear was the nazar around my neck. My stake required a jacket, but she found a sexy leather one that didn't take away from the rest of the outfit's appeal. Setting out around midnight, I couldn't help shaking my head. â€Å"We're the goddamned hottest vampire hunters ever,† I muttered. Denis led us to a club where they'd found Strigoi before. It was also apparently where one of their unpromised friends had been killed. It was in a seedy part of town, which I guess added to its appeal for Strigoi. A lot of the people there were middle- and upper-class young people, apparently drawn in by the â€Å"dangerous† aspect. If only they'd known just how dangerous it was. I'd made a lot of jokes to Dimitri about Russia and Eastern Europe being ten years behind in music, but when we entered, I discovered the ground-thumping techno song playing was something I'd heard in the U.S. just before leaving. The place was crowded and dark, with flashing lights that were actually a little annoying to dhampir eyes. Our night vision would adapt to the darkness and then be blasted when a strobe light kicked on. In this case, I didn't need my sight. My shadow-kissed senses didn't feel any Strigoi in the area. â€Å"Come on,† I said to the others. â€Å"Let's dance for a while and wait. There are no Strigoi nearby.† â€Å"How do you know?† asked Denis, staring at me in wonder. â€Å"I just do. Stay together.† Our little circle moved to the dance floor. It had been so long since I'd danced, and I was a bit surprised at how quickly I found myself getting into the rhythm. Part of me said I should have stayed ever vigilant, but my Strigoi alarm system would immediately snap me awake if any danger came. That nausea was kind of hard to ignore. But after an hour of dancing, no Strigoi had appeared. We left the dance floor and started circling the club's edges, then moved outside to sweep that area too. Nothing. â€Å"Is there another club nearby?† I asked. â€Å"Sure,† said Artur. He was stocky, with close-shaved hair and a ready smile. â€Å"A couple blocks over.† We followed him and found a similar scene: another secret club hidden in a run-down building. More flashing lights. More crowds. More pounding music. Disturbingly, what started to bother me first was the smell. That many people generated a lot of sweat. I had no doubt even the humans could smell it. To us, it was cloying. Tamara and I exchanged looks and wrinkled our noses, needing no words to convey our disgust. We moved to the dance floor again, and Lev started to leave to get a drink. I punched him in the arm. He exclaimed something in Russian that I recognized as a swear word. â€Å"What was that for?† he asked. â€Å"For being stupid! How do you expect to kill something that's twice as fast as you while drunk?† He shrugged, unconcerned, and I resisted the urge to hit him in the face this time. â€Å"One won't hurt. Besides, there aren't even any-â€Å" â€Å"Be quiet!† It was creeping over me, that weird stirring in my stomach. Forgetting my cover, I stopped dancing, scanning the crowd for the source. While I was relying on my senses to feel Strigoi, spotting them in the crowd was a bit harder. I took a few steps toward the entrance, and my nausea lessened. I moved toward the bar, and the feeling increased. â€Å"This way,† I told them. â€Å"Act like you're still into the music.† My tension was contagious, and I saw the anticipation sweep them-as well as a little fear. Good. Maybe they'd take this seriously. As we headed in the bar's direction, I tried to keep my body language oriented toward it, like I was seeking a drink. All the while, my eyes swept the crowd's periphery. There. I had him. A male Strigoi was standing off in a corner, his arm around a girl close to my age. In the dim lighting, he almost seemed attractive. I knew closer examination would reveal the deathly pale skin and red eyes that all Strigoi had. The girl might not have been able to see them in the darkened club, or the Strigoi might have been using compulsion on her. Probably both, judging from the smile on her face. Strigoi were able to compel others just as well as a spirit user like Lissa could. Better, even. Before our eyes, I saw the Strigoi lead the girl down a small, unnoticed hallway. At the end, I could just make out a glowing exit sign. At least, I presumed it was an exit sign. The letters were Cyrillic. â€Å"Any idea where that door goes?† I asked the others. The guys shrugged, and Denis repeated my question to Tamara. She answered back, and he translated. â€Å"There's a small alley out back where they keep trash. It's between this building and a factory. No one's usually there.† â€Å"Can we get to it by going around the club?† Denis waited for Tamara's response. â€Å"Yes. It's open on both sides.† â€Å"Perfect.† We hurried out of the club by the front door, and I divided our group into two. The plan was to come at the Strigoi from both sides and trap him in the middle-provided he and his victim were still out back. It was possible he could have led her elsewhere, but I thought it more likely he'd want to subdue her and get his blood right there, particularly if it was as deserted as Tamara said it usually was. I was right. Once my group had split off and peered around behind the club, I saw the Strigoi and the girl lurking in the shadow of a trash can. He was leaning over her, mouth near her neck, and I silently swore. They didn't waste any time. Hoping she was still alive, I came charging down the alley, the others on my heels. From the alley's other side, Denis and Lev also came running. As soon as he heard the first footfall, the Strigoi reacted instantly, his staggeringly fast reflexes kicking in. He immediately dropped the girl, and in the space of a heartbeat, he chose Denis and Lev over Artur, Tamara, and me. Not a bad strategy, really. There were only two of them. Because he was so fast, he probably hoped to incapacitate them quickly and then turn on us before we could flank him. And it almost worked. A powerful hit sent Lev flying. To my relief, a couple of trash cans blocked him from the building's wall. Hitting them wouldn't feel good, but if I had the choice, I'd rather hit metal cans than solid bricks. The Strigoi pounced on Denis next, but Denis proved remarkably fast. Unfairly, I'd assumed none of these unpromised had any real fighting skills. I should have known better. They'd had the same training as me; they just lacked discipline. Denis dodged the blow and struck out low, aiming for the Strigoi's legs. The hit landed, though it wasn't strong enough to knock him over. A flash of silver showed in Denis's hands, and he managed to partially swipe the Strigoi's cheek just before a backhanded slap knocked the dhampir into me. A cut like that wouldn't be lethal to the Strigoi, but the silver would hurt, and I heard him snarl. His fangs gleamed with saliva. I sidestepped Denis quickly enough that he didn't knock me over. Tamara grabbed his arm, holding him so that he wouldn't fall either. She was fast too and had barely steadied him before leaping up at the Strigoi. He swatted her away but didn't manage to hit her hard enough to push her far. Artur and I were on him by that point, our combined force knocking him against the wall. Still, he was stronger and the pinning was brief before he broke free. A responsible voice in my head-that sounded suspiciously like Dimitri's-warned me that that had been my window to kill him. It would have been the smart and safe thing to do. I'd had the opening, and my stake was in my hand. If my crazy interrogation plan failed, the others' deaths would be on my head. As one, Artur and I leapt out again. â€Å"Help us!† I yelled. Tamara threw herself against the Strigoi, landing a swift kick to the stomach as well. I could feel him starting to shake us off, but then Denis joined in too. Between the four of us, we wrestled the Strigoi down so that he lay back-first on the pavement. But the worst wasn't over. Keeping him down wasn't easy. He thrashed around with incredible strength, limbs twisting everywhere. I heaved myself up, trying to throw my body's weight across his torso while the others restrained his legs. Another set of hands joined us, and I looked up to see Lev lending his strength too. His lip was bleeding, but his face was determined. The Strigoi hadn't stopped moving, but I felt satisfied he wouldn't break away anytime soon, not with all five of us holding him. Shifting forward, I placed the point of my stake at his neck. It gave him pause, but he soon resumed his struggle. I leaned over his face. â€Å"Do you know Dimitri Belikov?† I demanded. He shouted something incomprehensible at me that didn't sound very friendly. I pressed the stake in harder and drew a long gash against his throat. He screamed in pain, pure evil and malice shining out from his eyes as he continued swearing in Russian. â€Å"Translate,† I demanded, not caring who did it. â€Å"What I said.† A moment later, Denis said something in Russian, presumably my question since I heard Dimitri's name in there. The Strigoi growled back a response, and Denis shook his head. â€Å"He says he isn't going to play games with us.† I took the stake and slashed at the Strigoi's face, widening the gash Denis had made earlier. Again, the Strigoi cried out, and I prayed club security wouldn't hear any of this. I gave him a smile filled with enough malice to match his own. â€Å"Tell him we're going to keep playing games with him until he talks. One way or another, he dies tonight. It's up to him whether it happens slowly or quickly.† I honestly couldn't believe those words had come out of my mouth. They were so harsh†¦ so, well, cruel. I'd never in my entire life expected to be torturing anyone, even a Strigoi. The Strigoi gave Denis's translation another defiant response, and so I kept on with the stake, making gashes and cuts that would have killed any human, Moroi, or dhampir. Finally, he shot off a string of words that didn't sound like his usual insults. Denis immediately translated. â€Å"He said he's never heard of anyone named that and that if Dimitri's a friend of yours, he'll be sure to kill him slowly and painfully.† I almost smiled at the Strigoi's last effort at defiance. The problem with my strategy here was that the Strigoi could be lying. I'd have no way of knowing. Something in his response made me think he wasn't. He'd sounded like he thought I was referring to a human or a dhampir, not a Strigoi. â€Å"He's useless then,† I said. I leaned back and glanced at Denis. â€Å"Go ahead and kill him.† It was what Denis had been dying to do. He didn't hesitate, his stake striking hard and swift through the Strigoi's heart. The frantic struggling stilled a moment later. The evil light faded from the red eyes. We stood up, and I saw my companions' faces watching me with apprehension and fear. â€Å"Rose,† asked Denis at last. â€Å"What are you hoping to-â€Å" â€Å"Never mind that,† I interrupted, moving over to the unconscious human girl's side. Kneeling down, I examined her neck. He'd bitten her, but not much blood had been taken. The wound was relatively small and bled only a little. She stirred slightly and moaned when I touched her, which I took as a good sign. Carefully, I dragged her away from the trash can and out into the light where she'd be most noticeable. The Strigoi, however, I dragged into as dark a place as I could, almost completely obscuring him. After that, I asked to borrow Denis's cell phone and dialed the number I'd kept crumpled in my pocket for the last week. After a couple of rings, Sydney answered in Russian. She sounded sleepy. â€Å"Sydney? This is Rose.† There was a slight pause. â€Å"Rose? What's going on?† â€Å"Are you back in Saint Petersburg?† â€Å"Yes†¦ where are you?† â€Å"Novosibirsk. Do you guys have agents here?† â€Å"Of course,† she said warily. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Mmm†¦ I've got something for you to clean up.† â€Å"Oh dear.† â€Å"Hey, at least I'm calling. And it's not like me ridding the world of another Strigoi is a bad thing. Besides, didn't you want me to let you know?† â€Å"Yes, yes. Where are you?† I put Denis on the phone briefly so that he could explain our specific location. He handed the phone back to me when he finished, and I told Sydney about the girl. â€Å"Is she seriously injured?† â€Å"Doesn't look like it,† I said. â€Å"What should we do?† â€Å"Leave her. The guy who's coming will make sure she's okay and doesn't go telling stories. He'll explain it when he gets there.† â€Å"Whoa, hey. I'm not going to be here when he arrives.† â€Å"Rose-â€Å" â€Å"I'm out of here,† I told her. â€Å"And I'd really appreciate it if you didn't tell anyone else that I called-say, like, Abe.† â€Å"Rose-â€Å" â€Å"Please, Sydney. Just don't tell. Or else†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hesitated. â€Å"If you do, I'll stop calling when this happens. We're going to be taking down a few more.† God, what next? First torture, now threats. Worse, I was threatening someone I liked. Of course, I was lying. I understood why Sydney's group did what they did, and I wouldn't risk the exposure. She didn't know that, though, and I prayed she'd think I was just unstable enough to risk revealing us to the world. â€Å"Rose-† she tried yet again. I didn't give her the chance. â€Å"Thanks, Sydney. We'll be in touch.† I disconnected and handed Denis the phone. â€Å"Come on, guys. We're not done tonight.† It was clear they thought I was crazy to be interrogating Strigoi, but considering how reckless they were sometimes, my behavior wasn't quite weird enough for them to lose their faith in me. Soon they grew enthusiastic again, high on the idea of our first kill on this trip. My uncanny ability to sense Strigoi made me even cooler in their eyes, and I grew confident they'd pretty much follow me anywhere. We caught two more Strigoi that night and managed to repeat the procedure. The results were the same. Lots of insults in Russian. No new information. Once I was convinced a Strigoi had nothing to offer us, I'd let the unpromised go in for the kill. They loved it, but after that third one, I found myself growing weary both mentally and physically. I told the group we were going to go home-and then, while cutting around the back of a factory, I sensed a fourth Strigoi. We jumped him. Another scuffle occurred, but we eventually managed to pin him as we had the others. â€Å"Go ahead,† I told Denis. â€Å"You know what to-â€Å" â€Å"I'm going to rip your throat out!† the Strigoi snarled. Whoa. This one spoke English. Denis opened his mouth to begin the interrogation, but I shook my head. â€Å"I'll take over.† Like the other Strigoi, he swore and struggled, even with the stake against his neck, making it hard for me to talk. â€Å"Look,† I said growing impatient and tired, â€Å"just tell us what we need to know. We're looking for a dhampir named Dimitri Belikov.† â€Å"I know him.† The Strigoi's voice was smug. â€Å"And he's no dhampir.† Without realizing it, I'd called Dimitri a dhampir. I was tired and had slipped up. No wonder this Strigoi was so pleased to talk. He assumed we didn't know about Dimitri turning. And like any arrogant Strigoi, he was happy to tell us more, clearly in the hopes of causing us pain. â€Å"Your friend has been awakened. He stalks the night with us now, drinking the blood of foolish girls like you.† In a split second, a thousand thoughts raced through my head. Holy crap. I'd come to Russia thinking it would be easy to find Dimitri. I'd had those hopes dashed in his hometown, nearly causing me to give up, and I'd swung the other way, resigning myself to the near impossibility of my task. The thought that I might be close to something here was staggering. â€Å"You're lying,† I said. â€Å"You've never seen him.† â€Å"I see him all the time. I've killed with him.† My stomach twisted, and it had nothing to do with the Strigoi's proximity. Don't think about Dimitri killing people. Don't think about Dimitri killing people. I said the words over and over in my head, forcing myself to stay calm. â€Å"If that's true,† I hissed back, â€Å"then I've got a message for you to deliver to him. Tell him Rose Hathaway is looking for him.† â€Å"I'm not your errand boy,† he said, glowering. My stake slashed out, drawing blood, and he grimaced in pain. â€Å"You're anything I want you to be. Now go tell Dimitri what I told you. Rose Hathaway. Rose Hathaway is looking for him. Say it.† I pressed the point to his neck. â€Å"Say my name so I know you'll remember.† â€Å"I'll remember it so I can kill you.† The stake pressed harder, spilling blood. â€Å"Rose Hathaway,† he said. He spit at me but missed. Satisfied, I leaned back. Denis watched me expectantly, stake poised and ready. â€Å"Now we kill him?† I shook my head. â€Å"Now we let him go.†

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Essay Example Since the business provides care and attends to the needs of their patients, training and development plays a major role. A training needs analysis should be conducted thoroughly in order to identify the job-related needs of the employees such as proper way to handle emotions, dealing with disabled persons and the like (bplans.com, 2011). Amongst the methods of training and development, real-life simulations and experiential training could benefit a Nursing Home since the care givers are constantly dealing with different people and different approach has to be given for specific instances. It satisfies both company and employees; cost-effective for the company while complacency for an employee to do his job with integrity (Jones, 2007, p.414). Another way to improve HRM in a nursing home is to do performance appraisal and feedback. This is a good way to help employees achieve their goals and plan their performance in a measurable time. As such, Managers should set a time, say 6 months for a rank or salary increase, for caregivers to achieve their goals and have them evaluated whether they have reached their target at the end of the given time. 360-degree performance appraisal is the best way to do it to avoid biased judging and be able to give the employee what he deserves (Jones, 2007,

Case study-buffalo wild wings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case study-buffalo wild wings - Essay Example It also offers signature seasoning like desert heat, south west ranch, blue cheese, buffalo rub etc. All the food items are related to the western culture. At first, the company needs to expand its business operation in Europe. It can be observed that there demand of such kind of foods is huge as the people of UK are also habituated to eat this kind of tastes. Similar restaurant chain operations also exist in that market. So this is anticipated that these products and services of this restaurant will get good market place in UK (Wetherly and Otter, 2014). Few images of attractive buffalo wing dishes with excellent garnishing offered by the mentioned restaurant are given below which will attract the customers. As the restaurant business is related to western taste of food items so Europe is the best region for the purpose of marketing and expanding this business. Buffalo wings, boneless wings, chicken wings, hamburger, sandwiches etc which this restaurant is offering are also very famous and demandable food items in Europe. Major cities and countries in Europe can be the target market place for opening a new branch of this restaurant. Customers can get different taste of the similar food items from this restaurant. They can also provide some new variety of items which are rarely available in the existing restaurants in that continent. London, Berlin, Hamburg, Madrid, Paris etc are the targeted cities for this business (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2009). It is already mentioned that the target market will be the European market. The big cities and major countries will be the first target places. These countries are Germany, England, Spain, Italy, France etc. This kind of wing based items are very popular in the mentioned regions and if this restaurant can add some extra flavor in these food items then demand will be increased at rapid speed and the company can earn more amount of revenue

Principles and Practices of Effective Leadership - Critical Thinking Essay

Principles and Practices of Effective Leadership - Critical Thinking Mod 1 - Essay Example Both business leaders are globally recognized as the icons in their unique United States market segments. Bill Gates implemented a task oriented leadership style, demonstrating effective leadership. Task-oriented leadership style focuses on behavior that prioritizes accomplishment of assigned tasks and responsibilities (Carroll, 2008). Under the task-oriented leadership style, Bill Gates focused on creating more and more new products for his established company, Microsoft. Whenever, Bill Gates was able to successfully create strong popular demand for his new products and services in uncharted computer-based market segments, Bill Gates would do everything in his power to retain the newly gained market segment position. As a busy executive, Bill Gates prioritize generating higher interest in developing, selling, and other management and marketing functions of his Microsoft Company. The task-oriented leadership style includes Bill Gates’ holding regular meetings with his line and staff employees and managers. Bill Gates would reprimand subordinates who did not meet established goals and objectives on time. Bill Gates’ task-oriented leadership style pushed the line and staff employees and managers to prioritize meeting prescribed organizational goals and objectives. The leadership style ensures Bill Gates that all his prescribed organizational goals, visions, missions, and objectives are eagerly met by the subordinates and managers. Under the task-oriented leadership style, Bill Gates assigned each employee specific tasks and responsibilities. Similarly, Donald Trump implements the autocratic leadership style, demonstrating effective leadership. The leadership style focuses giving specific instructions on what should be done. The employees are not allowed to contribute their opinions or recommendation to the decision making process (Daft, 2010). Donald Trump is very effective using the autocratic leadership

Changing Role of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changing Role of Women - Essay Example While this new role of women is determined, it is also essential that such an investigative study incorporates the changed role of women in various sectors, sections, and nations. Therefore, the efforts to define the new role of women in the modern world should essentially include a research on the changing role of women in every sector and category of social life. This has been the central consideration for the selection of research articles for this anthology. As the title of this anthology suggests, this needs to be perceived as an attempt to define the changing role of women in the background of sex inequalities and gender role differences which has been a major research point of the feminist theorists in the modern world. It is indisputable that one of the most relevant topics in the modern feminist theory relating to the general theme of gender role and sex inequality has been the changing role of women. Therefore, this anthology endeavors to provide with the most accurate mate rials to conclude on the changing role of women in various sections and categories of modern life. Here, this Anthology by the title "Changing Role of Women" covers a broad span of articles which are related to the topic-changing role of women through several categories of modern women of various backgrounds. ... He in the article "From Emancipation to Liberation: The Changing role of Women in Turkey's Public Realm" which has been the first essay of the anthology, deals with the changed role of women in the public sector of Turkey. According to the article, the change of women in Turkey can be related to a change from emancipation to liberation, i.e. the change has been one of the attitudes mainly. This article introduces the history of the liberation of women in The Republic of Turkey. The article "introduces the historical context of women's emancipation in the Republic of Turkey and then discusses how different women's groups expanded, transformed or perpetuated the parameters of the public realm with their different, at times seemingly contradictory, discourses for liberation. The focus of this article is on issues and concerns around which women voiced their differences from the founding fathers who 'emancipated women,' and not on politics in formal political institutions, such as politi cal parties or parliament." ("From Emancipation to Liberation: The Changing Role of Women in Turkey's Public Realm" 107). The republican concept of secularism and nationalism strengthened the feminists of Turkey. In the society, women were provided with a new public space and their gender role was redefined. By taking effort to enforce the women's status, the state actually meant to cultivate nationalistic feeling in the minds of its citizens. Gender equality and gender rights were equal and the professionalism of women was supported by the government but they demanded for more rights especially the control upon their sexuality. The feminists were not satisfied those limited rights and tried to enter the male dominated politics and they started to express their

Advertising promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising promotion - Essay Example The business plan for the service is that the target market will hire Darla to perform weekly errands like picking up dry cleaning and grocery shopping, or do one-off errands, such as getting shoes or watches repaired or dropping off library books. The idea is that if Darla performs these tasks, these people will be able to relax and spend more time with friends and family, and enjoy other leisure activities. Issue with the Idea The main issue encountered for implementing this idea was to generate awareness about the service to the target people so that the idea could be implemented properly. Besides this, reaching out to the target customers efficiently was also major issue faced by Darla and her errand service. Solution To tackle this problem proper communication with the target market was essential and to actualise the same Darla had to spend a significant amount of money on advertising. In addition she had to take a call whether she would go for in-house advertising or hire an ag ency to do the job. The target market for â€Å"I’ll Run for You† comprised of a pretty large population in the area and mainly included the people who either led retired or busy lives. The elderly people who were too old for errands, and the professionals who had to travel because of work, had no time to do the errands. Before deciding on the type of advertising that Darla should have considered, it is important to analyse the pro and cons of both an in-house and an advertising agency services. In an in-house agency, the cost is relatively low and with improved technology actions ranging from direct mails to development of website, can be successfully executed by a marketer. Consistency and transparency can also be easily maintained by an in-house agency (Powers, 2012). The biggest benefit of an in-house agency is that it has total control over the provider’s time, quality and activity. Most of the organisations try to maintain the core operation in-house, whic h would differentiate the business (Traxler, 2012). However the in-house agency has a relatively low buying power of media, there are hardly any fresh views, lacks specialised knowledge, and also the stress related to work is more (Smith & Taylor, 2004, p.168). In other words, in-house agencies are less experienced, less flexible and less objective (Belch, Belch & Purani, 2010, p. 102). In case of advertising agency the biggest benefit is the expertise knowledge that the agency brings on board. The agencies work in groups, and so they are likely to pick the most innovative idea and act as per the requirements of the clients. Moreover, as the crucial part of advertising is handled by the agency, a lot of significant time gets saved for the organisation to involve in other related activities (Sharma, 2011). However advertising agency is a costly affair as they usually charge a high price for the variety of services and sometimes the clients end up paying for pretty trivial reasons. Th e money involved is relatively higher as compared to an in-house agency. Besides this less involvement with and understanding of overall marketing goals of the client, and longer response time taken by the external agencies also act as dampening factors of hiring an outside agency. Recommendation Analysing the pros and cons of both in-house and outside advertising agency, it is recommended to â€Å"I’ll Work for you† to hire an outside agency which would help it in generating awareness among the target customers. Although outside advertising agency has many disadvantages, but since the business is new, it will be beneficial

PESTLE Analysis of Gazprom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis of Gazprom - Coursework Example As the paper outlines, Gazprom contributes nearly 10% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Russia and aims to make the company the leader in the energy sector (Green Peace, 2013). It supplies resources to the people of Russia and other countries and helps in generating electricity for the people. Much of the revenues of Gazprom are generated from exporting gas to the European countries. The prices charged from the foreign consumers are five times more than the Russian consumers. The growth of the company can be observed from its 5 Years Dividend Growth which is 17.63% with the current P/E ratio of 2.4931. Gazprom, in order to become the leader of the natural gas and oil segment, has explored its business in various European countries and thus has become a profitable corporation (Bloomberg, 2013; Victor, 2008). The objective of the company is to do a PESTLE analysis of Gazprom. The impacts of the political, economic, social and other factors on the operations of the company would be evaluated with a precise focus on the influence of Eastern Europe. PESTLE Analysis The business of Gazprom operates in an environment which is surrounded by several key factors. To evaluate the factors, to understand the opportunities and the threats of the environment PESTLE analysis is conducted. This analysis helps in understanding the environment and the future scopes of the company in the region owing to the social, economic and political perspectives along with the government policies of the region. In this regard, it is determined that Gazprom has its base in Russia and the maximum amount of revenue for the company comes from the Eastern European economy. PESTLE analysis would enable to derive an understanding of the influencing factors which are or would affect the company’s performance, especially in the Eastern European region. Political The government policies of Russia affect the business of Gazprom. Due to government policies, Gazprom enjoyed the power of monopoly for several years in its prices and distribution process of natural gas. The government of Russia submitted a proposal for the intergovernmental agreement which affected the cross border infrastructure. These treaties eradicated the monopoly of the company but made the trade easier. The political rationale behind the policy implication was to expand the business in Russia and in overseas. The traditional political policy was hampering the market share of Gazprom in the European market and hence the need for the tie-up with Qatar emerged to help the company and the country in gaining importance in Europe (Hulbert, n.d.). The investment from the Russia government would help in the development of Gazprom and the economy of the country as well. Moreover, it is also observed that the political dispute between Russia and Ukraine was affecting the gas prices and its trade. The use of gas by Moscow from the underground gas storage affected the transportation to Europe. The trade barriers and the high prices are affecting the business and the economy of Russia. To regain its market in the European countries, an agreement is being done by the government to lower the price of gases in Lithuania. Moreover, the Russian political environment used Gazprom as an instrument for foreign policy to remove gas supply to Georgia and Moldova.

Project Implementation Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Project Implementation Process - Essay Example It is also expected by the stakeholders that some commercial uses like an artists’ studio shall have a place on the piece of land after it is developed for the generation of further income by drawing more people to the site. It is thus the developer’s duty to assess the site and, in this report to the School Governors, detail how the various issues put forth by the stakeholders shall be handled to make sure that the 2.5 million pounds budgeted for meet all the needs of developing the project (Kerzner, 2009, p. 9). Statutory Issues in Consideration There are several legal matters that need to be dealt with to ensure a smooth running of operations both currently and in the future. It is expected of the developer that all matters legal are put into consideration to eliminate all hurdles that may sabotage the project and lead to the loss of the benefits expected from the projects that will result from the facilities erected on the bought site. These issues shall be discusse d in the following section to quell the fears of the stakeholders and have their confidence and blessings as to the viability and profit potential of the project (Smock and Stewart, 2006, p. 30). The first issue is the legal access to the site that has been bought from the local authority. All the required documents concerning the transfer of land to the Drove Park School shall be obtained before the commencement of the project. The title deed shall be transferred to the Grove Park School before any activity is undertaken. It is expected that the complete transfer of the land from the local authority possessing it to the school shall be completed before the developer takes charge of the projects at hand. This is to avoid the eventualities that may result from the access to land that is under dispute due to one mishap or another (Russill, 2012, p. 41). Another legal issue that requires keen attention is the acquisition of the permit from the government to allow access to and developm ent of the land in question. An agreement shall be signed between Grove Park School and all the authorities that have a vested interest in the land to fully assure the Grove Park School that it has the full possession of the site at hand and that its developer is allowed full access and the use of the land (Nohe, 2009, p. 22). The site needs to be developed from a very poor and hopeless state to inspire the whole area and turn it into a business center of its own standing. Since it is expected that the project shall be very successful, plans should be put in place both with the owners of the land adjacent to the one under development to eliminate any future hurdles that may jeopardize development and other plans. The Grove Park School should thus focus on liaising with the local authorities to allow future expansion plans without breaking any laws in place. All government rules concerning the future plans of the project at hand should be known in advance both by the developer and al l parties with vested interest (Kerzner, 2009, p. 15). The developer at this stage assures all parties that all rules and regulations concerning the project both at present and in the future are well taken care of and there exists no major hurdle as to the development plans in place. Statutory

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Personal Statement - Essay Example The challenging tasks of aiming to enhance and promote learning to young children through the application of diverse instructional skills, abilities, and methods are profoundly enriching. I am determined to pursue a lifelong career as a learning mentor who is genuinely committed to guiding young children towards maximizing their potentials for learning. I spent several years in the University of Birmingham, initially pursuing the Bachelor of Arts majoring in Humanities in Creative Arts. I have had several work experiences employed as an administrative assistant for Women’s Advice and Information Center; then, as a support worker for Care Bank agency, where my basic responsibilities include applying skills in various care environments, including day centres, residential homes, nursing homes and respite care homes; before being convinced that mentoring is truly the career for me. I first worked as a learning mentor from the years 2004 to 2005, as a voluntary work, assisting and guiding identified underperforming children on a one-on-one basis. I was finally accepted as an Educational and Training Mentor at an independent secondary school where duties and responsibilities as a learning mentor were more enhanced and emphasized. As my interest in mentoring young children continued to spur future personal and professional goals, I decided to enroll in the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) program from 2005 to 2006, also in the University of Birmingham, known to provide a multidimensional approach to according opportunities in learning from diverse and dynamic perspectives, to accord me formal theoretical knowledge and to hone my knowledge, skills, and abilities to entrench initially a teaching career, thought to be a crucial stepping stone to a mentoring profession, at it focuses on primary education and early years. The learning experience equipped me with the necessary qualifications, competence and confidence in furthering my craft. The volunteer work I did in 2004 to 2005 made me realize that working as a learning mentor entails more than just having innate desire and love for children. The need to prepare actions plans, superseded by explicitly defining mentorship goals on a per child basis, requires both theoretical background and application skills that draw from the course modules offered by the PGCE program. The experience of listening to pupils and assisting them towards applying appropriate interventions and courses of action to resolve issues that prevent them from utilizing their full learning potentials has been instrumental in the development of analytical, communication and conflict resolution skills. Concurrently, my working as an Educational and Training Mentor made me realize that there was a need to gain more knowledge and training from a PGCE program. The new responsibilities and accountabilities that go with the position actually developed skills in applying functions that are analogous to that of a leade r or manager in an organization: that which focuses on planning, organizing, directing and controlling all aspects of teaching underperforming children towards a defined mentorship goal. I realized the need to work with a Local Education Authority for the preparation and design of an appropriate curriculum, specifically for young people at Key stage 3 or 4, identified to be either excluded from residential care or from special school. Although quite intimidating at first, the task became part of the

George Orwell and William Golding Essay Example for Free

George Orwell and William Golding Essay Orwell and Golding use vastly different writing styles, but their message is the same that mankind is hopeless. Discuss this statement with reference to both Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies. Since the beginning of time man has struggled to comprehend the difference between good and evil. Our ancestors spent their lives looking for truth, yet none could be found. Is there indeed a good of all goods and an evil of all evils? The two are so similar, and yet so different. The truth is, no one being is perfect, nor were we created to be. No one thing can be the source of all evil, or the source of all good. Yet man battles with himself, to determine what is right. But what, then, is truly right? If there is an evil, then Humans should be deemed to be the most evil of all creatures. We are manipulative, egotistic and dominating. We have the urge to be the dominating force in the universe. We strive for superiority and aim for domination. Yet are such feelings to be considered wrong? Cannot they just be classified as instincts, which many other animals have? No, for we are indeed intelligent creatures and instead of exercising our superiority we should be learning of others greatness. We, as indeed intelligent beings should stray from the common selfishness and anger. Yet, they seem to be much easier to arouse, harder to abolish. In his novel Animal Farm, George Orwell portrays the animals with human-like feelings and emotions. He uses satire to demonstrate the full extent of human emotion. Though the story is about animals, there are very few who think it is just that. The satire gives the story enough appeal to readers, but the message rings as solemn as ever. George Orwell uses little dialogue, but describes the characters and situations with great detail, paying attention to their characters and emotions. It is easier to understand all the happenings, because the characters are animals. At the same time, when one compares them to humans, a striking similarity can be found. The book makes one think, and it hurts when one realizes that the story in the book is not far from our reality. It is a sad reality; however, it is necessary to acknowledge this for one to be able to  overcome it. George Orwells message is that humankind is hopeless. Perhaps we are, but a lost cause, we are not. For it is books like these, which help one to understand our faults so that one can correct them as best as one can. We were not created to be perfect, but we were also not created to be dominating and superior. All beings on this planet are created to be equals. Humans have forgotten such principles of nature. Humans battle to overcome cruelty. However, while we believe we have done so, the cruel, dominating and never ending cycle begins again. The truth is we are prisoners of our own characters, and perhaps that can never change. William Golding, the author of Lord of the Flies uses fictional portrayal of human emotional conflict to reach the reader. He takes a situation, which could quite realistically occur in life, and elaborates upon it. He uses complex vocabulary and original sentence structure to show the complexity and variation of human emotions. He uses the little boys as characters in the story to prove a very valid point. The fact that such small children can turn on each other so rapidly is a sobering thought. Golding shows, that no matter how good the intentions are at first, our inner feelings of selfishness can overcome us very easily, especially in a critical situation The book makes the reader contemplate their own actions in such a situation. Whereas as no one can be brutally honest with themselves, it is possible to relate to others. That is what Golding is trying to create. Regardless of whether they planned to do so or not, they will think, and perhaps that may bring us one step closer to understanding a very important character ourselves. Although their writing styles are prominently different, both George Orwell and William Golding show similar views on the human character. Their honest portrayal of humans as we are by nature leaves the reader thoughtful. So, are we then indeed bound for eternal struggle? Are we indeed as hopeless are the authors suggest? That is one question, which will not be answered with the advance in technology or by new scientific discoveries. We are our own  judges, but can we trust ourselves?

The Hemingway Hero Essay Example for Free

The Hemingway Hero Essay Many brave men and women in the military have been inspired by someone or something to put their life on the line for the sake of their country. John McCain and his heroic efforts during the Vietnamese war are a great example of how the Hemingway Hero inspires people in the world today. John McCain gets his inspiration from Ernest Hemingways 1940 novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, in which he says he wants to be just like the main character: Robert Jordan (Stamburg). John McCain spent five and a half years in captivity in North Vietnam as a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy. The Vietnamese offered to set McCain free but he would not go without the release of his fellow Navy comrades saying, â€Å"I just didn’t think it was the honorable thing to do.† As result, McCain endured many brutal tortures and harsh mistreatment. Finally in March 1973, after five and a half years of oppression; John and other Americans held captive were released. (Nowicki and Muller) While John McCain is a real life hero, Frederick Henry in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, is a different kind of hero: the Hemingway Hero. A Hemingway Hero is one who exhibits the principle(s) of honor, courage, bravery, and endurance, one who has qualities that make a man â€Å"a man† and is able to more than just improvise in trivial situations but also demonstrates a big heart. A Hemingway Hero is one who always gets back up when the world knocks him down and never loses his integrity, one who is humble, has high moral codes, and puts others before himself. (Acker) Frederick Henry displays all these traits and more in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms because he is unafraid of death, shows little emotion when under pressure, and finds sensual pleasure from food and drink, hence making Frederick Henry a Hemingway Hero because of how he shows bravery, courage, and endurance during tough times. The Hemingway Hero is not afraid of death but tries to avoid it (Acker). Frederick Henry displays this characteristic when he is in the trench and the mortar hits. Frederick knew the danger that he was going to be in when he told Catherine he was going to a â€Å"show† and went regardless not worrying about the consequences, â€Å"I’m leaving now for a show up above Plava †¦ I don’t think it’s anything† (Hemingway 43). When the mortar hits and Frederick nearly dies, he still tries to help save fellow ambulance driver, Passini, disregarding his own injury and demonstrates honor and courage in trying to accomplish this impossible feat, â€Å"I tried to get closer to Passini to try to put a tourniquet on the legs but I couldn’t move I sat beside him, undid my tunic and tried to rip the tail of my shirt† (Hemingway 55). Frederick also shows that he is not afraid of death when he is in the ambulance after the mortar hits. A man above him is having a hemorrhage and the blood is falling down upon Frederick; and he stays unusually calm as if it barely bothered him only â€Å"†¦ try[ing] to move sideways so that it [does] not fall on [him]†(Hemingway 61) displaying great courageousness and humbleness. After Frederick recovers from his knee injury at the hospital, he wants to return to the front not caring about the fact that he nearly gets killed there showing that he is not afraid of the risk of getting injured again let alone getting killed. The death of Catherine was another example of how Frederick Henry is unafraid of death. When Catherine dies, Frederick states that there was no use to say goodbye because it was like talking to a statue, â€Å"But after I had got them out and shut the door and turned off the light it wasn’t any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue† (Hemingway 332). So he leaves and walks to his hotel as if â€Å"life goes on† and he should not dwell on Catherine’s passing implying that â€Å"what happens happens† and he should just move on (Hemingway). These examples show that death does not faze Frederick and he still tries to accomplish his goals courageously and with honor like a true Hemingway Hero. The Hemingway Hero shows very little emotion when he is under pressure (Acker). Frederick exhibits this characteristic when he shoots a sergeant who would not follow his orders to help cut the brush but tried to escape fearing being overtaken by the Austrians, â€Å"I opened up my holster, took the pistol, aimed it at the one who had talked the most, and fired† (Hemingway 206). Frederick – who has never shot a gun before – did not hesitate to shoot the sergeant displaying great bravery. Frederick also shows very little emotion under pressure when he jumps into the river eluding the battle police accusing him of treachery, â€Å"I ducked down, pushed between two men, and ran for the river †¦ and went in with a splash† (Hemingway 225). Frederick saw an opportunity and simply took advantage. He did not think twice showing great courage and tenacity. Despite being shot at, â€Å"There were shots when I ran and shots when I came up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hemingway 225), Frederick took his chances without worrying about the possible repercussions. Frederick further demonstrates little emotion when under pressure when he rows Catherine and himself on a boat from Italy to Switzerland. He â€Å"†¦ rowed all night [and] [his] hands were so sore that [he] could hardly close them over the oars† (Hemingway 271). Catherine insisted on rowing and giving him a break but Frederick declined despite the seemingly intolerable pain, â€Å"Let me row awhile,† Catherine said. â€Å"I don’t think you ought to,† Frederick opposed (Hemingway 274). Frederick elucidates immense endurance in trying to complete this ambitious conquest like only a true Hemingway Hero would. The Hemingway Hero finds sensual pleasure from food and drink (Hemingway Hero). Frederick illustrates this characteristic when he eats spaghetti with the captain. Frederick goes into great detail on the way he eats the spaghetti â€Å"very quickly and seriously, lifting the spaghetti on the fork until the loose strands hung clear then lowering it into the mouth †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hemingway 7). Frederick also displays this characteristic by how everyone who comes to visit him in the hospital gives Frederick a bottle of wine, â€Å"This is a bottle of vermouth† (Hemingway 69). Frederick finds great pleasure in alcohol especially with all the pain that comes with the mortar hit and he drinks so much to the point where he eventually gets jaundice. Frederick also proves this characteristic with how he goes into great detail when eating the macaroni and cheese before the mortar hits, â€Å"I put [my] thumb and [my] fingers into the macaroni and lifted. A mass loosened†¦ I lifted it to arm’s length and the strands cleared. I lowered it into [my] mouth, sucked and snapped in the ends, and chewed, then took a bite of cheese, chewed, and then a drink of the wine†(Hemingway 53-4). Frederick also makes manifest of this characteristic when he tries to cope with the death of his newborn child. Frederick goes and eats and drinks to try to get away from death and his problems. He â€Å"[drank] several glasses of beer†¦ [and was not] thinking at all† (Hemingway 329). Frederick tries to get pleasure from the food and drink to release stress, clear his mind, and calm his nerves. Like any Hemingway Hero would do, Frederick attempts to avoid death. And he uses his sensual pleasure for food and drink to help him do so.   In Conclusion, a Hemingway Hero has to be able to more than just improvise in trivial situations, but also demonstrates a big heart with bravery and courage (Acker); and Frederick does so many times throughout A Farewell to Arms with how he is unafraid of death, how he shows little emotion when under pressure, and how he finds sensual pleasure from food and drink.

Relationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Philosophy Essay Shakespeare, the Einstein of his time has changed the intrepid minds of many influential people in the Elizabethan era which includes King Edward I. In his greatest play, Macbeth, has showed us that foul is fair and foul is fair in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth; revealing the dominant role of women over men. Lady Macbeth achieves great dominance over Macbeths will by shattering his manhood. She conveys that his doubts on the assassination signify his lack of ambition and valour of being a man. She mentions that a real man should not only have boldness to create a tight situation, but should also implement his honourable word. Lady Macbeth then strategically gives the most horrendous example about the smashing of the skull of the baby, which further criticises Macbeths scared attitude which contrast to the majority of women. This provokes Macbeth to act in accordance to his male honour. Shakespeare shows how Lady Macbeth shows her true self as she says in the play Had he not so closely resembled my father, I would have done it. This triple meaning is clearly shown. The first meaning if you look at it literally, it is trying to convey that he looked very similar to her dad which shows full commitment and trust to her parents. This showed how inside of her there is a lot of undivided love to her parents which has disable and caned her, much like any another child would do. However, it may be that because her parents gave birth to her, she is grateful for that and does not want to kill them As Macbeth has been called noble, he would surely give the same respect to Lady Macbeths parents as Macbeth would to his parents and would never think about scratching his parents, let alone kill them. This shows how Lady Macbeth has slowly and careful invaded into Macbeths mind and brainwashed him so much that he does not truly denied the thought of killing King Duncan. This also s hows that Macbeth has not given her anything and so ultimately the relationship is futile and her love is false. The second meaning would be the biblical imagery of God as Lady Macbeth said he which shows that Lady Macbeth thoughts are that the more powerful you are, the more godlike you are. She could not kill God as she did not have enough power. She wanted the lust for power and although she has committed sinful acts like killed a child, she is not in the level where God is and so could not kill him. As Macbeth has been given the title of Thane of Glamis and Thane of Cawdor, she believes that he has power. In spite of this, Lady Macbeth want more and more power and so forces Macbeth to kill King Duncan so that as his equal half in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in the eyes of the pubic, would ultimately receive more power. This strongly shows how the relationship is not a relationship but is simply a ventriloquist and a puppet, where the ventriloquist is Lady Macbeth where she is manipulating the puppet which is Macbeth so that she can receive the laughter and money, which is very similar to power and greed. The third and most important, is the power of greed that she has truly desired. She single-handedly heavily persuaded Macbeth to kill King Duncan. The perception that Lady Macbeth put forward is very strong as she said I would have done it. This showed that she put it about as an excuse rather than to show a weakness; showing how she did not want to look weak in front of Macbeth which would convey to the audience that in the relationship she wants to be equal or even higher than Macbeth. This competition between each other shows how it is a mere game rather than a relationship made by God as Lady Macbeth is not being serious about it. Shakespeare shows how powerful reverse psychology may cause havoc in a relationship. When Lady Macbeth said When you durst do it, then you were a man she shows how cunningly and deceitfully she is trying to motivate him to do what he was previously going to do. When she says then you were a man, it shows before when he was going to kill King Duncan, he was a man, but now as he has refused he has become much less than a man, a lady who has no place in society. Macbeth who has reached the pinnacle of his courier after many countless, hardworking years and now has been called less than a man even though Kings Duncan addressed Macbeth as noble and also gave him the highest achievement that any man could have: Thane of Glamis and Thane of Cawdor. This shows how demandingly she says a lot of Cruel words which hurts Macbeth but also at the same time using reverse psychology to show to Lady Macbeth that Macbeth can do relentless acts and so is a man. This showed that the relationship is main ly one sided to Lady Macbeth and has used strategic planning to command Macbeth into killing King Duncan. This shows that she understands Macbeth as she knew that Macbeth would question the killing. This shows that in the relationship, Macbeth has true love for her as he had told her his most dire secrets. However, it shows that instead of helping Macbeth out of a dreadful situation, she is using it to her advantage which also explicitly shows than she in manipulating Macbeth. Shakespeare shows how the depiction of extreme acts shows a downfall of a relationship. Dashs the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. This shows how as a woman who has small place in society would uphold her promise even when it is as tragic as killing a baby in a gruesome way, but a man who is respected thoroughly in society would go against his promise. It shows how Lady Macbeth has immense power to crack open the skill and dash the brain out. As child mortality was high, the baby would be considered to be a present of God. The word dash suggest how without a doubt she would do it quickly for her solemn oath and she does not care that she will have to face the wrath of God and also be massively looked down upon in society. This shows how loyal she is and will keep her promise unlike Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is seen as unusual as she admits the situations she had been. This unusual statement contracts the belief that a womens desire is to protect a child and this shows that she is different from the other woman who live their whole life to protect and care for their children. This shows how she has been hiding things from Macbeth and this shows how the relationship from the start of the play sets a countdown to get worse and even worse. The old saying which is behind every successful man stands a strong woman. Surprisingly, it is very true; in his quest for supreme power, he is thoroughly led by his wife. Lady Macbeth strengths his determination and motivate him to commit this sinful murder. This manipulation of Macbeth is clearly shown throughout the play and shows easily how Macbeth fell into the trap of Lady Macbeth of greed and power. Shakespeare is being portrayed as misogynistic to perhaps warn the world that this may happen in the future. This shows how the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is like the inside of an onion. It is definitely seen that Macbeth is not hiding anything about himself and has also given his most vital secrets to Lady Macbeth. However, Lady Macbeth is hiding numerous amount of things; one being of dashing the brains out of a baby. Sadly, as you peel each layer, the audience weeps for Lady Macbeth for her greediness and devil like thoughts. With this analysis it is fully seen that Lady Macbeth is manipulating/controlling Macbeth as if he was a ragdoll puppet and also shows that the relationship relies heavily on her thoughts and Macbeth acts upon them mindlessly and cowardly.

Poetry Of Nature :: essays research papers

Many poets are inspired by the impressive persona that exists in nature to influence their style of poetry. The awesome power of nature can bring about thought and provoke certain feelings the poet has towards the natural surroundings. If you bear in mind the disposition of some of the things in life that move us like human beauty, love or the beauty of nature you will understand that they have one thing in common. They do not last forever, as sad as it seems, Ladies and Gentleman. Yes they too will eventually die out. Why? Who knows? However it is a fact that when poets write a poem they wish to make their words appealing, as to impress the reader with the intensity of their own experience so they immortalize that sense of feeling that makes their poems last. Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"Nutting† is a classic portrayal of a man finding time to escape the harsh bitterness of life and escaping to a world of isolation, solitude and loneliness that exists in nature. I’d particularly like to focus on the second part, which has a greater significance in regard to nature, then the other part, which might appear irrelevant. In demonstrating the use of descriptive features Wordsworth has created the perfect sanctuary that one can only ever dream about. The wording used in this section is uncomplicated and evocative. Common language served Wordsworth’s purpose well, for the simple words were direct in their purpose. They expressed feelings that had been known and repeated many times before, and therefore contained a certain durability in his speech. And I saw the sparkling foam, And-with my cheek on one of those green stones that fleeced with moss, under the shady trees, lay round me, scattered like a flock of sheep In this poem there is much evidence that expresses his loneliness, solitude, and isolation to the rest of the world at that moment in his life. And fade, unseen by any human eye; where fairy water-breaks do murmur on forever; It is obvious that through this perception Wordsworth is generally speaking of past experiences. Wordsworth believed that nature played a key role in spiritual understanding and stressed the role of memory in capturing the experiences of childhood. His poetry just like his beliefs relays a sense of feeling towards aspects of spiritual understanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt a sense of pain when I beheld the silent trees, and saw the intruding sky.

Lord of the Flies :: essays papers

Lord of the Flies Artificial Restraints in Lord of the Flies "GOLDING PUTS SO MANY ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINTS ON HIS STORY IN ORDER TO EMPHASISE HIS POINT, THAT THE WHOLE THING COMES OUT TOO NEATLY AND, IN FACT, REDUCES THE POWER OF HIS MESSAGE." I think that, while the boys experience immense bad luck due to the author, the story still proves its point. It is still possible though, that the bad luck of the boys could have been experienced in real life. I think that without this bad luck, the point of the story wouldn’t be as great, because without the restraint’s Golding placed on the boys, life on the island would have been too easy for the boys. The major constraint that Golding puts on the boys is the personality clash between Jack and Ralph. From the beginning, when Ralph is elected leader, Jack hates Ralph, and towards the end of the book, the feeling becomes mutual. Without Jack and Ralph’s problems, life would have been easy, and the ‘darkness of man’s heart’ would not have been conveyed to the reader. Jack shows ‘the darkness’ and if he and Ralph had just been friends, there would never have been an opportunity for Jack to show this darkness which lurked beneath the surface. Golding also uses the dead pilot conveniently against the boys - the way in which he is caught in the trees just in the right position to be caught by the wind and look like the beast and the way the wind picks up after Simon has let him down from the trees and carries him out to sea, so that the other boys cannot see that it wasn’t a beast. The author uses the boy’s fear against them, and although this could possibly happen in the situation, Golding uses it as a weapon against them, their morale and their companionship. I think that the boys split up and go to Jack because of the fear - he can kill the beast, he can get them meat, and if they ever get upset, he can start a dance and all will be fine.

U.s. Scourge Spreads South Of The Border :: essays research papers fc

U.S. SCOURGE SPREADS SOUTH OF THE BORDER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a recent newspaper article written in the San Diego Union Tribune called â€Å"U.S. Scourge Spreads South.† A very disturbing fact was opening drug doors just south of our own community, which is why I chose to do an in depth study of the easiness of drug purchase in our southern neighbor. It's not new news but a overwhelming growth in the usage of drugs, especially Rohypnol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Mexican border town called Tijuana across from San Diego, California, once was a famous as a playground for drunken sailors and college students. Today, authorities on both sides of the border warn, it has turned into a gangland run by a growing number of ruthless cartels that sell drugs. It is no longer just marijuana (pot), but a growing problem with other types of drugs like Heroin, Crystal Methamphetamine, and Cocaine.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I recently visited the neighbor city of Tijuana and rode in a Tijuana taxi and was immediately met with a taxi driver named Jose, a Tijuana taxi driver in an open-necked, baby blue silk shirt, he sizes up the tourists trudging off the footbridge from the United States. â€Å"Taxi, sir? You want pharmacy? I get you a good pharmacy,† he urges, stepping from a line of beckoning taxi drivers in big belts and straw cowboy hats. â€Å"Good prices! No prescriptions!† Do I look like I want drugs?! I didn't even solicit the business. I almost felt weird because this is exactly what I was planning to do my paper on. Soon he is nosing his long yellow Oldsmobile through scruffy streets choked with pharmacies. I asked for Somas-a drug that gives the user a feeling of drunkenness without all the liquor, and illegal in the United States. In less than 45 minutes I was able to purchase the drug right over the counter. Of course, I didn't actually purchase the drug, but kindly told the pharmacy that his price was too high.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This just goes to show you how easy it was to get an illegal drug just 30 minutes from SDSU. And instead of being sold by gun-toting drug traffickers, it is available in much of Latin America with a doctor's prescription--often easily obtained. It appears to be crossing the U.S. border via booming pharmacies in cities such as Tijuana.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sudden popularity of the drug (Somas) has returned the spotlight to Mexico's border drugstores, which for years have done a thriving business with Americans but have recently exploded in number with the Tijuana residents. â€Å" Tijuana residents are nearly twice as likely to have used an illegal drug as

Montessori VS Gibson: Education and Perception

Maria Montessori and Eleanor Gibson are two of the primary education theorists in the last 100 years.   Both are female, which was rare in their fields at the time, and both contributed to education and learning theories in ways that are still widely used today.   However, each has a different perspective on education, and a different and unique contribution to the field of educational research.   Overall, there are many significant similarities and differences in the educational theories created and implemented by Montessori and Gibson.Montessori was born in Italy in 1870.   She attended medical school there despite protests about her gender, and was the first woman to ever become a doctor in Italy.   After medical school, Montessori went on to work with poor children.   She noticed that many of these children could not necessarily benefit from medical care, but could benefit from educational opportunities that they did not have.   After noticing this, Montessori went on to teach children and develop a system of education that is used throughout the world today.Her early success in teaching was met with surprise, as even she had been skeptical that her methods would work.   The progress that these economically poor children showed was amazing to her, and to others who came to see what they could do.   In fact, efforts were so successful that Montessori went on to open up other ‘poor houses’ around Italy, and later, in other countries.   Towards the end of her life, she traveled around, teaching the ‘Montessori method’ to other teachers in countries throughout the world (Cossentino).Gibson was born in America in 1910.   As a child, she was discouraged from attending school because of her gender, but persevered and attended anyway.   After secondary school, she attended Yale and eventually earned a Ph.D. in developmental psychology.   Gibson then began to work with children and animals, doing experiments to see what babies knew from birth and what was learned.Her most famous experiment is the â€Å"visual cliff,† where a drop-off is set up and covered by glass.   Babies aged 6 to 14 months are placed at the edge and encouraged to crawl onto the clear glass.   However, all babies refused, suggesting that they could perceive depth from birth.   Gibson used the information she gathered from these experiments to investigate the way people learn and perceive their environment.   Gibson’s experiments are still being carried out by her students today (Gibson).Maria Montessori created a method for teaching children that today is used to educate children from birth through age 18, although it is mostly commonly used for ages three to six.   The general principle is to allow a child his freedom to work at his own pace, on the activities he chooses.   Several age-appropriate activities are possible, and the child chooses what he is interested in and investigates it thorough ly.   Children at work are never interrupted, and individual work takes precedence over group work.   Additionally, all groups are multi-age, with three ages in one group.   The most common age group is the three to six year old ages.   These groupings exist so the older children will teach the younger children, advancing both of their learning (www.montessori.edu).Gibson’s approach to education is different.   Her studies focused on perceptual development and innate knowledge in babies rather than education later in life, although her theories had implications for education later in life.   Gibson is known for starting the field of perceptual development in psychology, as little was known about it at the time.   Most doctors and psychologists assumed that to babies, the world was nothing more than a confusing buzz of sounds and sights, and that they could not make any sense of it or perceive it at all in the way of adults.These doctors assumed that babies learn ed to perceive as they aged and were taught about the world around them.   Gibson performed many experiments throughout her years as a researcher that disproved this view and brought about a brand-new view of perceptual development.   She wrote two books, one in 1967 on her research thus far, and one in 1991 that summed up what she had done in her lifetime (Gibson).The major difference between Montessori and Gibson is that Montessori was a doctor who specialized in teaching children based on their individual needs throughout their lives, while Gibson primarily focused on what children already knew when they were born and was not overly concerned with later life, as older children had already been studied more.   Gibson does, however, focus some on the processes of education throughout life, although primarily in what children know at birth and how this affects the way they learn later in life.They were similar, though, in their belief that children were different than others t hought.   Children were not stupid, were not blank slates, and did not need help in learning everything.   Children were born with innate abilities to learn and to perceive.   Gibson and Montessori both furthered this idea through their work.   Both women also helped to show that children could work seriously, even from a young age; that their attention spans are long enough and their perceptions are good enough to learn on their own.Gibson did further experiments, mostly with infants, and often with animals, as certain types of experiments are not ethical in humans.   One significant finding was in how human children learned to read and recognize letters.   Gibson theorized that children would learn by seeking out the features that are different about the letters, or â€Å"contrastive features.†Ã‚   She came upon this theory based on experiments with animals that showed this was how they learned to recognize colors, patterns, and other objects.   It turned out that this was, indeed, how children learned, by recognizing different features in the letters to distinguish one from another (Spelke).Also, Gibson was trying to focus on the ‘mechanisms which operate in all learning (Gibson).’   Her goal was to discover, through her research on perception, how exactly humans learned, and how figuring this out could benefit them in some way.   This research was crucial later to show how much people really knew and were capable of learning at all ages.Montessori did not focus nearly as much on how children perceived, but on how they learned (which is, in general, what Montessori and Gibson have most in common).   Montessori emphasized that all children learned differently and needed an environment which nurtured this.   Children who are put in an environment and allowed to learn what they chose tended to choose to learn as much as possible.   Montessori also emphasizes creativity through learning to do a number of different thi ngs, and to learn them correctly.   For example, music lessons can be a part of Montessori if a child chooses; but the teachers encourage the students to learn to play an instrument correctly, not to use it for an unorthodox purposes, like using a violin as a hammer (www.montessori.edu).Additionally, Montessori focuses on work, rather than play in her education model.   Most preschools believe that children learn through random play, while Montessori emphasizes purposeful work even from the young ages in order to investigate and learn about the world (Cossentino 63).Both methods are based on the premise that children know more than they are given credit for.   Gibson was sure that children could understand and perceive far more than psychologists thought they could, and her experiments showed that this was true.   In fact, Gibson did experiments on animals that proved even further what the experiments with babies began to show.   Gibson took newborn kids (baby goats) and p laced them on the visual cliff, and even at birth they would not go over it.She also placed kittens on the cliff once they were old enough to move and see, and they would not go over it.   Gibson reared some animals in complete darkness for awhile, and some would still not go over the cliff when they entered the light.   Kittens were an exception to this.   For a few days, they crawled across the whole surface and did not notice the cliff; after that, they, too, stopped going over the edge.   Gibson tried to place them on the cliff right away, so they would learn that crawling onto the glass was safe, but once kittens could see better, even though they knew the glass was safe from previous experience, they still would not go across it once they could see the cliff, suggesting that the perception of this drop is innate and not learned (Spelke).Innate ability is the key to Gibson and Montessori.   Both believed that children had innate ability to learn, to recognize, and to know.   Montessori built her schools on this premise.   In fact, many schools have children who are discovering and understanding subjects that adults think are far beyond their capabilities at a young age.   Elementary age students may teach themselves advanced mathematics or science concepts, ideas that are usually taught in high school.   The Montessori method encourages children to use their innate curiosity and ability to investigate to find out about their world and learn as much as they can about it (www.montessori.edu).Children are unusually intelligent and have strong capabilities.   They are not born with no knowledge, no skills, and no ability to learn.   Both Gibson and Montessori’s research showed that this is true.   Children are born knowing things, and born with a thirst to know more things.   Children learn by perceiving the world around them and continuing to try things out until they figure out how it works, and why.Montessori had an early i dea about how children learned, and created a system to teach them in that natural way.   Today’s Montessori schools are all across the world, at every age group, public and private.   Montessori still means that children learn individually, even when they are in high school.   Students who study by the Montessori method tend to score above average on standardized tests (despite a complete lack of teaching to the test) and tend to get into good colleges and succeed well in life.This is because students are given the opportunity to work individually from a young age, which leads to self-motivation.   Self-motivation is the most crucial part of the theory; children will learn far more if they are doing it on their own, based on intrinsic motivation, rather than extrinsic motivation.   The Montessori method promotes this intrinsic motivation from the beginning (www.montessori.edu).Gibson’s work, which came later, explained in psychological detail what Montessori seemed to ‘innately know,’ just as her students innately knew about the world around them.   Gibson’s experiments shed light on the way children perceived their world and how much they actually knew and understood before anyone taught them.Today, many people are still a bit skeptical about the ideas put forth by these two women.   However, many of the major educational and psychological movements are based on the work that both women did in their individual fields.   Gibson’s experiments have given way to a plethora of research in cognitive and perceptual psychology, specifically aimed at trying to figure out how infants and animals really think and understand.The result of all of these years of experiments and programs it that children are better prepared to learn about their world in a way that makes sense to them.   Children are better focused, better behaved, and learn more, better, and more quickly when their natural abilities are recognized and respected.  Ã‚   Children in Montessori classrooms or those with teachers who believe in their ability to think, learn, and perceive without explicit teaching thrive better than those who have teachers who think they are merely blank slates, empty vessels waiting to be taught to look, listen, think, and perceive.The educational world has both Gibson and Montessori to thank for their new insights into teaching young children.   Both women made significant contributions to the field at a time when women were not welcomed into medical fields.   Both women had to fight for their right to an education, and both women were intelligent enough and savvy enough to get their degrees and conduct their programs despite opposition.   Without them, education would not be what it is today.BibliographyCossentino, Jacqueline M. (2006).   â€Å"Big Work: Goodness, Vocation, and Engagement in the Montessori Method.†Ã‚   Curriculum Inquiry.   36, 1, 63 – 92.Gibson, Eleanor J. (1940). â€Å"A Systematic Application of the Concepts of Generalization and Differentiation to Verbal Learning.† Psychological Review.   47, 196 – 229.Gibson, Eleanor J. (1934). â€Å"Retention and the Interpolated Task.† American Journal of Psychology.   46, 603 – 610.â€Å"The International Montessori Index (2006).†Ã‚   Accessed December 18, 2006.   Website: www.montessori.edu.  Spelke, Elizabeth (2003).   â€Å"Gibson’s Work: An Extended Reply to Helmholtz.†Ã‚   Association for Psychological Science, 16, 4.

Five Main Categories of an Advertising Objectives Essay

advertize is any pay form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and work through mass media such as rude(a)spapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor.Set Advertising ObjectivesAn publicize objective is a peculiar(prenominal) communication task to be achieved with a specific tar sterilise audience during a specified period of era.Advertising objectives p atomic number 18nt fester into five main categories(a) To inform e.g. certify guests to the highest degree a tonic intersection (b) To persuade e.g. encourage customers to switch to a different trademarkmark (c) To motivate e.g. propel buyers where to find a carrefour (d) To adding shelter e.g. cost and benefit analysis in customers mind (e) To assisting separate company efforts e.g. cast up brand gustatory modality and dedication, expand the product distri exclusivelyion, reduce overall sales cost, Creates new demands etc.To InformThe main endure of advertising i s to communicate randomness about the product, its attributes, and its location of sale this is the education croak. result information communicated to the customers in manner that meets their information require. Most consumers tend to discount the information in advertising beca mapping they understand that the object of the advertising is to persuade. Making an advertising subject believable is not easy though often it is sufficient to reconstruct the consumer unpaired enough to try the product. Such oddment is often referred to as engageed disbelief. Advertisers use a variety of devices to amplification the believability of their advertising celebrities or experts who are the spokespersons for the product, user testimonials, product demonstrations, research results, and endorsements. physical exertionPonds age miracle, in that ad the celebrity Hadiqa Kiani is making hunch overn the consumers about the benefits of it. That how the old women can aspect younger by u sing it continuously. It exit moderate you fair cream positivistic it reduces freckles plus it can be apply as a sun tug as well it will make you look young.To PersuadeThe other function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses this is the sight function. Advertising admits the incentives to viewers for them to engage in action. This deals with the emotional dimension of the target audience, which concentrates on touching and persuading the consumers rather than informing and apprising them.Example Fair and lovely Add we know that it will make a little girl look fair and prettier in 4 weeks.To RemindThe third function of advertising is to provide constant reminders and reinforcements to generate the in demand(p) sort the advancer wants from them. This is a in particular hard-hitting function in the dogged agree as reminders and reinforcements register in the consumers minds, change state the bas e on which they make their next finalitys. This function of advertising is to provide constant reminders and reinforcements to generate the desired behavior the advertiser wants from them. This is a particularly effective function in the long run as reminders and reinforcements register in the consumers minds, becoming the base on which they shape their future decisions.Example Pepsi pinhead &Coca cola advertise are the best example. both the companies dont need to advertise their product because both companies position in market is very a lot fast(a) but they advertise just to remind their presence in customer mind.To Adding comfortCost and benefit analysis in customers mind and some time make comparison with competitors brand for realizing our customer that what they get while using our product and how more than its value for us.Example The add of sunsilk hijab shows that how much company feel about Muslim women wearing hijabTo Assisting Other Company EffortsTo increase br and gustatory sensation and loyalty selling is a moving thing. As your needs are changed your preferences are changed. When the product delivers the promised quality, assistance and value, it creates satisfied customers who become instrumental in spreading a favorable word-of-mouth. fulfil customers also develop brand preference each product features and uses are scripted on the product. Example 99% girls who are not married will not look at the ad of pampers or any milk powder for children but when they will get married their interest will automatically move towards such advertisements.Brand loyalty Brand loyalty is a long-term customer preference for a particular product or service. Brand loyalty can be produced by factors such as customer satisfaction with the performance or set of a specific product or service, or through identifying with a brand image. It can be encouraged by advertising. People often make purchasing decisions ground on how a brand makes them feel emotio nally rather than based on quality or other objective evaluations. If Just Do it strikes a chord with an athlete, hell buy Nike the decision may drive little to do with quality.Example For instance, when one buys a subway of Colgate toothpaste and finds it ok, one will not have to spend any valuable time on looking for other toothpaste brands.